Book: Dalail an-Nubuwwah by Bayhaqi
التوحيد معجزة الإسلام:
Chapter: Monotheism is the miracle of Islam.
Volume: intro (Page:80)
English:
Grace of the Doctrine during Jahiliyya - Pre and Post-Islam
The doctrine, during jahiliyya (pre-Islamic ignorance) and afterwards, seems merciful. True mercy. Mercy for the heart and mind, and for life and the living. Mercy in its beauty and simplicity, its clarity and consistency, its intimacy and ease, and its deep direct response to human instinct. Therefore, the great truth of Allah prevails: "Is he who walks fallended on his face more rightly guided, or he who walks upright on a straight path?" [(1)]
The Miracle of Islam: Tawheed
"Allah - The Prophet - The Qur'an - The Kaaba". The Islamic perception is the only one that has remained based on pure and complete monotheism (Tawheed). The feature of Tawheed distinguishes and distinguishes this concept among all the prevailing beliefs around the globe. All the philosophies and schools of thought on which Western thought is based have receded. These concepts led humans to flounder in this life based on their shallow perceptions that lean sometimes towards matter, at other times towards the spirit, and sometimes towards power without a realistic appreciation for human nature and its desires.
The Islamic perception, however, stands firmly in its holistic understanding of human characteristics, providing steady life paths to ensure dignified and peaceful living. It guides humans to build a life and nourish the spirit in congruity with human nature, without causing distress or fragmentation. Hence, many thinkers have studied Islam, the life of the Prophet (Peace be upon him),[(1)] These excerpts do not substitute for reading the book to understand the scope of the Islamic approach.
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Volume: intro (Page:81)
English:
The Influence of Islam on Civilization
After undertaking a deep study of the principles of this religion, they recorded their conversions with many embracing Islam. They began calling others towards this faith until Europe started seeking its assistance in solving their problems.
Bernard Shaw's Remarks on Islam
Bernard Shaw, after studying Islam, stated, "I truly believe that if a man like Muhammad ruled the modern world, he would succeed in solving its problems in a way that brings the world the peace, happiness, and reassurance it desperately needs."
The Positive Impact of Islam
"Islam has contributed more to civilization than Christianity. It hoisted up the banner of equality and brotherhood. These proofs are cited from reports of English employees and from what has been written by most tourists about the positive results of the Islamic religion. When a nation from the Sudanese nations embraces it, immediately the worship of idols, following the devil, and associating others with the Merciful disappear straight away. It prohibits the eating of human flesh, killing men, and burying children alive. The adherents take up the causes of reform and love cleanliness, avoiding filth and earnestly striving towards achieving virtues and personal honor.
Islamic Morality
Among the religious duties for them becomes offering hospitality to guests. Drinking alcohol and gambling become hateful actions. Ugly dancing and indiscriminate intermixing with women become detested. They consider a woman’s chastity a virtue and adhere to good character traits. As for excess in freedom and ensnarement in beastly desires, they are not permissible in Islamic law.
The Universality of Islam
Islam is the religion that universalises order among people. It represses the self from desires and prohibits spilling blood, cruelty in treating animals or slaves. It recommends humanity and encourages acts of kindness and brotherhood."
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Volume: intro (Page:82)
English:
Moderation in Polygamy and Restraint of Desires
A Russian philosopher, fair in his judgments, took it upon himself to defend Islam when he saw the bias of other religious communities against this faith. His passion for truth spurred him to write a book about the sons of Islam, in which he commented:
Origins of the Islamic Prophet
"The prophet of Islam was born in the lands of the Arabs, from poor parents. In his youth, he was a shepherd, inclined to solitude and seclusion in the wilderness and deserts, contemplating God, the creator of the universe. His contemporary Arabs worshipped many gods, going to great lengths to appease them and satisfy them, establishing rituals and offering various sacrifices for them."
Shifting Beliefs
"As age progressed, he developed a belief in the corruption of these gods and the existence of one true God for all people and nations. Mohammad's faith in this idea increased, so he began inviting his people and family to his thinking, announcing that God had chosen him to guide them, entrusted him with the illumination of their insights, and the demolition of their false religions and worships."
The proclamation of his Faith
"He began proclaiming his belief and religion. The essence of this religion the messenger called for: is that there is only one God- there is no deity but He- and it is therefore not permissible to worship anyone else. That God is just and merciful to his servants, and that the final destiny of man depends solely on Him. Whoever believes in Him, God will reward him with a good reward in the hereafter. If one opposed God’s laws and followed his desires, he would be punished with severe punishment in the hereafter.
Commandments of Loving God and Each Other
"God commands people to love Him and love each other. To love God is to pray, and to love people is to share in their joys and sorrows. Those who believe in God and the Last Day should strive to curb anything that may incite psychic desires and to avoid worldly pleasures. They are obliged not to..."
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Volume: intro (Page:83)
English:
Serving the Spirit, Honoring the Body
They must serve the spirit and refine it, not merely worship the body. Muhammad did not consider himself the only prophet of Allah. He also recognized the prophethood of Moses and Jesus. He asserted that Jews and Christians should not be coerced into abandoning their religion.
The Persecutions of the Early Call to Islam
During the early years of his call, he bore much persecution from the adherents of ancient religions, akin to the hardships every prophet before him faced while guiding their people towards the truth. But, such persecutions did not deter his resolve. He persisted in his mission zealously.
Spirit of the Believers Among Arabs
Believers distinctively differed from other Arabs due to their humility, minimal worldly desires, love for work and contentment. They put forth sincere efforts to assist their religious brethren in times of trials and tribulations.
In no long time the believers began to earn great respect and reverence from those around them. Their prowess recognized, the number of believers increased day by day.
The Virtues of Islam: Tolerance and Respect
One of the virtues of Islam is its expressed goodwill towards Christians, Jews and people of other religions. He directed his followers to treat them with compassion. His kindness was so apparent that he allowed his followers to marry from other religions.
Surely, those with high vision can see the great tolerance in this. He concluded by saying, "Surely this prophet is one of the great reforming men who served the society greatly. It is enough of an honor for him that he guided his entire nation towards the light of truth, bent it towards peace, refrained it from bloodshed and stopped it from making sacrifices.
The honor is sufficient that he paved the way for its progress and improvement. This is a great work: No ordinary person who is given power, wisdom, and knowledge could achieve it. A man like him deserves respect and honor"
The Magnificence of the Quran: An Insight by Dr. Maurice Bucaille
Dr. Maurice Bucaille reflects on the greatness of the Quran and uses it as proof that...
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Volume: intro (Page:84)
English:
Muhammad, may peace be upon him - A Prophet Sent
Muhammad, peace be upon him, a prophet sent, asks: "How could he acquire this immense amount of scientific knowledge in the seventh century of the Christian era, a time of widespread ignorance? How to amass such scientific knowledge that preceded contemporary scientific culture by more than fourteen centuries?" Listen to his words:
"I was deeply amazed at first by these scientific aspects that the Quran specializes in. I never believed it possible to discover such a large number of claims related to topics of extreme diversity, and that are entirely consistent with modern scientific knowledge, in a text written more than thirteen centuries ago. Initially, I had no faith in Islam. I approached these texts with an open-minded spirit, free from all prejudice and with absolute objectivity. If any influence has been exercised, it was certainly the teachings I received in my youth, where the majority spoke not of Muslims but of Muhammadans to emphasize that the religion was founded by a man and thus devoid of any value before God. Like many, I could have remained harboring these erroneous ideas about Islam. It is so prevalent that I always get surprised when I meet non-specialists enlightened on these points. I confess that I was ignorant before a picture of Islam was given to me, different from the one we generally have in the West."
"When I was able to measure the distance separating the reality of Islam from the image we created about it in our Western countries, I felt the urgent need to learn Arabic, which I did not know, in order to be able to progress in the study of this religion unknown to many. My first goal was to read the Quran and study its text sentence by sentence, drawing on various necessary comments for critical study. I paid particular attention to the description it gives of a large number of natural phenomena."```
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Volume: intro (Page:85)
English:
The Marvel of Quranic Precision
I am astounded by the precision of specific details related to certain phenomena, details only discernible in the original text. It amazes me how these correlate with our current understanding of these phenomena, which would have been impossible for anyone during the time of Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, to have any comprehension of.
The Richness of Quranic Topics
What first astonishes anyone encountering such a text for the first time is the richness of treated topics, including creation, astronomy, earth-related matters, animal and plant worlds, and human reproduction. While we find significant scientific errors in the Torah, we find none in the Quran. This led me to ask: If the author of the Quran was a human, how could they have written in the seventh century CE what is now clearly in agreement with modern scientific knowledge? There is no doubt, the Quran text that we possess today is indeed the original text.
How Can such Knowledge Be Possible?
What is the explanation, as there is no particular reason to believe that any inhabitant of the Arabian Peninsula, a region under the rule of King Dagobert of France, could possess a scientific culture that presages our science by around ten centuries regarding some matters?
On the Timing of Quranic Revelation
It is indeed established that in the period of the Quran's revelation, stretching approximately twenty years before and after the year of Hijra (622 CE), scientific knowledge had been in a dormant phase for several centuries. Also, the active era of Islamic civilization, alongside its scientific flourishing, was subsequent to the end of the Quran's revelation.
Claiming Foreknowledge: A Strange Proposal
The ignorance of these religious and worldly facts alone allows for the strange proposition I sometimes hear, which says that the astounding scientific claims in the Quran are because the Arab scientists were ahead of their time and thus, Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, was inspired by their studies. Anyone with even a rudimentary knowledge of history...
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Volume: intro (Page:86)
English:
Understanding Islamic Scholarship and Historical Context
It is widely known that the age of cultural and scientific prosperity in the Arab world followed the era of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). It would not permit itself to entertain such false claims. Therefore, there is no place for such misguided ideas. Most scientific issues inspired by, or clearly formulated in the Quran, were only validated in the modern era.
Reinterpreting Quranic Verses
From this we recognize how Quranic interpreters, (including those from the great Islamic civilization era), made mistakes over centuries in interpreting some verses they could not grasp the precise meaning of. Translating and interpreting these verses correctly was only possible much later, in an era closer to ours. It implies that profound linguistic knowledge alone is not enough to understand these Quranic verses. It is necessary to have a vast variety of scientific knowledge. It is an encyclopedic study that falls upon several specializations.
The Evolution of Understanding
The more progress we make in the presentation of the issues raised, the more varied are the scientific knowledge needed to understand the meaning of some of the Quran's verses. Yet, the Quran is not a book aiming to display some of the laws that govern the universe. It has a fundamental religious objective.
Delving into the Depth of Islam
Thus, the realisation of this wonderful mystery and the shining evidence is only possible for those who delve into the study of this religion. The ignorant is unlikely to understand its nature, which is the same point we mentioned at the beginning of the introduction and Al-Ghazali's method of proving prophetic signs.
The Proofs of Prophethood
After that, what is Al-Bayhaqi's method in proving the signs of prophethood? The author first reviews the miracles of previous prophets at the beginning of the book.
Arabic:
Volume: intro (Page:87)
English:
Miracles of Moses, David, and Jesus
Just as there were wonders performed by Moses, David, and Jesus, son of Mary, it is said about the chosen Prophet and selected Messenger, sent forth in truth to all of creation—humans and jinn—Muhammad, son of Abdullah, son of Abdul Muttalib, the last of all prophets and a messenger of the Lord of all worlds, may God's blessings be upon him and his pure, righteous progeny: He has revealed more signs and clear proofs than any other Messenger. Some scholars have cited that the signs of his prophethood number up to one thousand.
The Knowledge Within His Call
The author then says, "As for the knowledge that is associated with his call and has continued to grow throughout his life, and that remains within his Ummah (community of believers) after his death, it is the Great Quran, the Clear Lexicon, the Strong Rope of God."
Exploring the Miracles of Quran
The author then analyzes aspects of the miracle of the Quran, and states that "our Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, in addition to the Quran, was given manifest signs and apparent miracles beyond count or concealment."
Miracles of the Prophet Muhammad
The author then briefly discusses the miracles, relying mainly on two types of miracles: Firstly, the miracle of the Holy Quran; and secondly, the miracles of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, which are evidence of his prophethood.
He then said: Among the indications of his prophethood that the People of the Book utilized to verify his prophethood was what they found in the Torah and the Gospel and all the other books of God regarding his character and his emergence in the land of the Arabs, even if many of them had distorted these details.
Signs and Events Surrounding His Birth and Mission
Among the signs of his prophethood were the strange events and wondrous phenomena that occurred between the days of his birth and his mission, which shook the authority of the leaders of disbelief and nullified their claims, reiterated by the tongue of the Arabs, commemorating in their accounts such as the incident of the elephants and what God had permitted in terms of punishment and retribution.
Included in these signs were the dimming of the Persian fire, the falling of the palaces of Khosrow's pavilion, and the flood of Lake Sawah.
Arabic:
Chapters
- 1 . -
المقدمة - 2 . The First Volume
المجلد الأول - 3 . Introduction to the Evidences of Prophecy
[المدخل إلى دلائل النبوة] - 4 . Scholars' Opinions on Imam Al-Bayhaqi
أقوال العلماء في الإمام البيهقي - 5 . Scholars' Opinions on "Evidence of Prophethood"
أقوال العلماء في"دلائل النبوة" - 6 . The Introduction
التقدمة - 7 . Methods in Proving Prophecy
طرق في إثبات النبوة - 8 . 1 - Al-Ghazali's Method of Proving Prophecy:
١ - طريقة الغزالي في اثبات النبوة: - 9 . 2 - Ibn Khaldun's Method of Proving Prophethood:
٢ - طريقة ابن خلدون في إثبات النبوة: - 10 . 3 - Proofs of Prophecy in Khadijah's Conversion to Islam - May Allah be pleased with her:
٣ - دلائل النبوة في إسلام خديجة - رضي الله عنها -: - 11 . 4 - Evidence of Prophecy in the Islam of Abu Bakr the Truthful - May Allah be pleased with him -
٤ - دلائل النبوة في إسلام أبي بكر الصديق - رضي الله عنه - - 12 . "Evidences of Prophecy in the Islam of Abu Dharr al-Ghifari - May Allah be pleased with him -"
دلائل النبوة في إسلام أبي ذر الغفاري - رضي الله عنه - - 13 . "Evidences of Prophethood in the Islam of Talha bin Ubaidullah, may Allah be pleased with him"
دلائل النبوة في إسلام طلحة بن عبيد الله رضي الله عنه - 14 . "Evidences of Prophecy in the Conversion of Negus (the Abyssinian King) to Islam."
دلائل النبوة في إسلام النجاشي الأصحم. - 15 . Evidence of Prophethood in Zaid bin Sa'nah's Conversion to Islam:
دلائل النبوة في إسلام زيد بن سعنة: - 16 . "Evidences of Prophecy in the Conversion of the Doctor Damad to Islam."
دلائل النبوة في إسلام الطبيب ضماد: - 17 . Evidence of Prophecy in the Islam of the Clergy: Abdullah bin Salam:
دلائل النبوة في إسلام الحبر: عبد الله بن سلام: - 18 . Salman the Persian is searching for the truth:
سلمان الفارسي يبحث عن الحقيقة: - 19 . "Evidences of prophecy in the nobility of his life, peace be upon him, and his struggle:"
دلائل النبوة في سمو حياته صلى الله عليه وسلم وجهاده: - 20 . The Prophet, peace be upon him, in Ta'if:
الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم في الطائف: - 21 . Evidence of Prophethood in the Characteristics of Islamic Perception:
دلائل النبوة في خصائص التصور الإسلامي: - 22 . Monotheism is the miracle of Islam.
التوحيد معجزة الإسلام: - 23 . Al-Bayhaqi's condition in his book and the distinct features of his compilation:
شرط البيهقي في كتابه وخصائص مصنفه: - 24 . The classifications in the Proofs of Prophethood and the methodology of the classifier:
المصنفات في دلائل النبوة ومنهج المصنف: - 25 . The Life of Al-Bayhaqi and His Scholarly Status:
حياة البيهقي ومكانته العلمية: - 26 . Scholars of Al-Bayhaqi:
شيوخ البيهقي: - 27 . The students of Al-Bayhaqi:
تلاميذ البيهقي: - 28 . His works:
مصنفاته: - 29 . The scholars' testimony of his virtue and knowledge:
شهادة العلماء بفضله وعلمه: - 30 . His piety and asceticism:
ورعه وزهده: - 31 . His poetry:
أشعاره: - 32 . His death:
وفاته: - 33 . His elegy:
رثاؤه: - 34 . Description of the approved versions used in publishing the evidences
وصف النسخ المعتمدة في نشر الدلائل - 35 . 2 - The second original version (A)
٢ - النسخة الأم الثانية (أ) - 36 . Copernican version: denoted as (k) :
نسخة كوبريللي: ورمزها (ك) : - 37 . Version (K) Headphones:
سماعات النسخة (ك) : - 38 . Egyptian Library Version (212) the conversation marked with the character (S)
نسخة دار الكتب المصرية (٢١٢) حديث المرموز لها بالحرف (ص) - 39 . The version of Al-Haythami denoted by the letter (H)
نسخة الهيثمي المرموز لها بالحرف (هـ) - 40 . Headphones of version (H)
سماعات النسخة (هـ) - 41 . Version (215), a recent publication from the Egyptian Book House, symbolized by the letter (F).
النسخة (٢١٥) حديث دار الكتب المصرية، المرموز لها بالحرف (ف) . - 42 . The version (M) in Al-Mahmoudia Library, in the Public Library of Al-Madina Al-Munawara (9) Prophetic Biography:
النسخة (م) بالمكتبة المحمودية بمكتبة المدينة المنورة العامة (٩) سيرة نبوية: - 43 . Description of the two versions (B) and (D):
وصف النسختين (ب) و (د) : - 44 . The newspaper of sources and references that were attributed to its page numbers and its parts, and the date of its editions during the verification of the book "Evidence of Prophethood".
جريدة المصادر والمراجع التي جرى العزو إلى أرقام صفحاتها وإلى أجزائها، وتاريخ طبعاتها أثناء تحقيق كتاب دلائل النبوة