Book: Dalail an-Nubuwwah by Bayhaqi
شيوخ البيهقي:
Chapter: Scholars of Al-Bayhaqi:
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Their Contribution to Knowledge Classification and Elucidation of Books Explaining the Foundations of Islam and Principles of Faith
Following them in the classification of knowledge, and elucidation of books that explain the foundations of Islam and principles of faith.
Sheikhs of Al-Bayhaqi
1- Al-Hakim:
(321- 405) The great Hafiz, Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Tahmani al-Nisaburi, Imam of Ahl al-Hadith in his era, and author of books such as: "Al Mustadrak 'Ala al-Sahihayn", "Sciences of Hadith", "History", "Introduction to the Knowledge of the Crown", "Virtues of Shafi'i", and others.
Al-Dhahabi said: "What Bayhaqi has taken from him is as large as a camel load". Ibn Qadi Shuhba mentions in his book 'Tabaqat al-Shafi'iyya' (1:190) about al-Hakim: "Abu Bakr al-Bayhaqi learnt a great deal from him, understanding and narrating from his books, and was greatly influenced by his approach".
2- Abu al-Hasan:
Muhammad ibn Hussein al-Alawi al-Hasani al-Nisaburi, Sheikh of the nobility, a noble and righteous leader. Al-Hakim praised him and said: "The Sheikh of Sheikhs among the honorable, of high ambition, apparent worship, and purifying virtues. A thousand pens were counted in his council, and a thousand hadiths were annotated on him".
Al-Hakim, and Abu Bakr Al-Bayhaqi narrated from him. He is the oldest Sheikh of Al-Bayhaqi, and he died suddenly in Jumada al-Akhira in 410 Hijri.
Note: His biography can also be found in "History of Baghdad" (5:473), "Deaths of Notables" (3:408), "Memorial for the Memorizers" (3:1039), "Levels of the Shafii Scholars" (4:155), "The Beginning and the End" (11:355), "Al-Muntazim" (7:274), "The Visible Stars" (4:238), "Balance of Justice" (3:608), "Language of the Balance" (5:232), "Lessons" (3:91).
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3- Abu Abd al-Rahman al-Sulami
He was a diligent scholar, a devout ascetic, a renowned Sufi sheikh, Muhammad bin al-Husayn bin Musa al-Azadi al-Nisaburi (303-412). He authored the book "Tazkirat as-Sufiyya" (Layers of the Sufis) and was the respectable sheikh of Khorasan, a leader among the Sufis, and a prolific author. He inherited Sufism from his father and grandfather, and compiled an unprecedented collection of books that exceeded one hundred. The preacher al-Khatib al-Baghdadi praised his lofty status and prolific authorship, saying, "He gathered a multitude of sheikhs, biographies, and chapters, and established a sanctuary for the Sufis. He further wrote Hadith and exegesis."
4- Abu Saad, Abdul Malik ibn Abi Uthman al-Kharkoshi al-Nisaburi
He was renowned preacher, known as Kharkosh, a lane in Nishapur, and was narrated from by Al-Hakim, who was older than him, as well as Al-Hasan bin Muhammad al-Khalal, Al-Baihaqi, among others. Al-Khatib said, "He was trustworthy, pious and righteous." Al-Hakim said, "I've never seen anyone more comprehensive in knowledge, piety, humility, and guidance to God and asceticism than him. May God increase his success, and we have been blessed by his days. His compilations have spread. He has a comprehensive Tafsir (interpretation of the Quran), the book 'Dala'il al-Nubuwwa' (Proofs of Prophecy), and the book 'Al-Zuhd' (Asceticism)."
He passed away in the month of Jumada al-Ula, in the year 407. His biography has been included in history books such as 'History of Baghdad' (2:248), 'Al-Muntazim' (8:6), 'The Complete History' (9:326), 'Al-Ibar' (3:109), 'The Beginning and the End' (12:12), 'Tazkirat al-Huffaz' (3:1046), 'Tabaqat ash-Shafi'iyyah by as-Subki' (4:143). He again has a biography in 'History of Baghdad' (10:432), 'Exposition of the Lie of the Fabricator' (233), 'Al-Muntazim' (7:279), 'Tazkirat al-Huffaz' (3:1066), 'Al-Ibar' (3:96), 'Shards of Gold' (3:184), 'Tabaqat as-Subki' (5:222).
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5. Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Tusi
Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Tusi [(6)], a distinguished debater, amassed wealth and had considerable prestige. He received his religious understanding from Abi al-Walid al-Nisaburi and Abi Sahl al-Sa'aluki. His narrations were reported by Al-Rafi'i. He passed away in the month of Rajab in the year 1411.
6. Abdallah ibn Yusuf ibn Ahmad al-Isfahani
Abdallah ibn Yusuf ibn Ahmad al-Isfahani [(7)] was among the prominent Sufis and trusted narrators (315-409). His narrations were often reported by Al-Bayhaqi.
7. Abd al-Rahman ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Nisaburi
Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Nisaburi [(8)], also known as the unique Leader and trusted authority, fondly referred to as Abu Muhammad al-Mazki, narrated teachings from the Asim and Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Qatan, being the last of al-Qatan's companions to die. He had narrations reported by al-Bayhaqi, Abu Salih al-Mu'adhdhin, Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Mazki and others. He was known to be trustable, honorable, and of noble lineage. He died suddenly in the month of Sha'ban in the year 1410, while dictating at his home.
8. Abdallah ibn Yusuf, Abi Muhammad al-Juwaini
Abdallah ibn Yusuf, Abi Muhammad al-Juwaini, the father of Imam al-Haramayn [(9)], was the Sheikh of the Shafi’iya, a meticulous jurist, a grammatist, and an interpreter. He issued fatwas in the year 1707 and was known to be diligent in worship. Respected among his students, possessing seriousness, dignity, and tranquility, he was also known as the pillar of Islam. Abdallah ibn Yusuf's interpretations can be found in the following works: Ibn Hidayat Allah's Tabaqat (44), Ibn al-Mulaqqin's Al-'Uqd al-Mudhhab (180), Al-Subki's Tabaqat al-Shafi'iyah al-Wusta (l 42), and Ibn Qadi Shuhbah's Tabaqat al-Shafi'iyah (1: 160).
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Renowned Works and Passing of an Esteemed Scholar
Among his many compositions include the book "El-Tabsera" on jurisprudence, the book "El-Tazkera", and the significant tome "El-Tafseer El-Kabeer" among others. He passed away in the month of Dhul-Qa’dah in the year 438.
9 - Grand Imam and Narrator Abu Al-Hasan, The Reciter of Iraq
Abu Al-Hasan Ali Ibn Ahmad Ibn Omar Ibn Hafs Ibn Al Hamami Al Baghdadi (328-417 H). He learned from Abu Sahl Al-Qattan, Ibn Qane', and Mohammad Ibn Ja'far Al-Adami, and read to Al-Naqash, Hebatallah Ibn Ja'far, Ibn Abu Hashim and others. Notable students such as Al-Khatib, Al-Bayhaki, Abd Al-Waheed Ibn Fahd, and others narrated from him. Al-Khatib remarked, "He was truthful and religious, exceptional in tending to the narration of readings because of their elevated status during his era".
10 - The Preserver, Abu Hazim Omar Ibn Ahmad
The Mas'udi Hadhli native from Nishapur, the limping Abu Hazim Omar Ibn Ahmad Al Abduwi, the son of the renowned narrator Abi Al Hasan. He studied under Ismail Ibn Najid, Abu Bakr Al-Ismaeili, Abu Al Fadl Ibn Khamerooyeh Harwi, and Abu Ahmad Al-Hakim, and was noted to be of their level."
Al-Khatib has quoted, "I have not seen the title of 'Hafidh' ascribed to anyone other than two men, Abu Nu’aym and Abu Hazim Al-Abduwi". He further commented, "Abu Hazim was trustworthy, truthful, knowledgeable, and a preserver". He passed away on the day of Eid al-Fitr in the year 417 H.
Additional references
The mentioned hadith [10] has been translated in "History of Baghdad" (11:329), "Al-Ansab" (4:207) "Al-Ikmal" (3:289), "Al-Muntazim" (8:28), "Al-Kamel" (9:356), "Al-Ibar" (3:125), "Al-Badaya" (12:21), "Shazrat Al-Dhahab" (3:208).
The mentioned hadith [11] has been translated in "History of Baghdad" (11:272), "Al-Ansab" (8:354), "Tabayyun Kadhib Al-Muftarri" (241), "Al-Muntazim" (8:27), "Tadhkiratul Huffaz" (3:1072), "Al-Ibar" (3:125), "Tabakat Al-Shafe'iya Lilsubki" (5:300), "Al-Badaya" (12:12), "Al-Nujum Al-Zahirah" (4:265), "Shazrat Al-Dhahab" (3:208).
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11- Abu Taher Al-Ziyadi: Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Hamsh [ (12) ] (317-410) The Naysaburi
The distinguished scholar, a role model, leader of Khorasan, his father was among the devout worshipers. He was trained by Muhammad Bin Al-Husain Al-Qattan, Abdullah bin Yaqub Al-Kirmani, Abu Al-Abbas Al-Asim, Abu Ali Al-Maydani, Ali Bin Hamshaadh, and Muhammad bin Abdullah Al-Saffar, amongst others.
He was a leader in his school of thought, well-versed in the knowledge of conditions, articulate in Arabic, dignified, and was a guiding light for Hadith scholars, assuring their sources and providing them with fatwas. Among those who narrated from him are Abu Bakr Al-Bayhaqi, ‘Abd al-Jabbar Ibn ‘Abd Allah Ibn Berza, Al-Qasim Ibn al-Fadl Al-Thaqafi, and his contemporary Al-Hakim narrated from him as well.
12- Imam Sharif Abu Al-Fath Nasir Bin Al-Husain Al-Omari [ (13) ]
The jurist, leader of the Shafi'i school of thought, his lineage goes back to Abdullah bin Omar bin Al-Khattab. He was trained by Abu Al-Abbas Al-Sarkhasi, Abu Muhammad Al-Mukhaldai, Abdullah Bin Muhammad Ibn Abdul Wahab Al-Razi, highly educated under Abu Bakr Al-Qaffal, and Ibn Mamsh Al-Ziyadi.
He excelled in his school of thought, taught during the days of his scholars, those from Naysabur highly respected his understanding of jurisprudence, and he was at the center of issuing religious rulings and debates. The ones who learned from him were Abu Bakr Al-Bayhaqi, Masud Bin Nasir Al-Sijzi, Abu Saleh Al-Mu'azzen, and others
For additional references on both scholars, refer to [ (12) ] Al-Ansab (6: 336), Al-Lubab (2: 84), Tadhkirat Al-Huffaz (3: 1051), Al-Ibar (3: 103), Tabakat Al-Shafi'iah for Al-Subki (4: 198), and Tabakat Al-Shafi'iah for Ibn Qadi Shuhba (1: 191), Shatharat Al-Dhahab (3: 192).
For information on Imam Sharif [ (13) ], refer to Al-Ibar (3: 208), Tabakat Al-Shafi'iah for Al-Subki (5: 350), Tabakat Al-Shafi'iah for Ibn Qadi Shuhba (1: 249), Shatharat Al-Dhahab (3: 272).
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Notable Figures and Scholars
The Humble Benefactor
He was a good, humble, and poor person, contented with little and highly respected. He died in Nishapur in the month of Dhu al-Qi'dah in the year 444 AH.
The Distinguished Abu al-Qasim al-Hasan bin Muhammad bin Habib al-Nisaburi
The scholar and preacher, the author of the book "The Sages of the Insane," produced works on interpretation and literature. He learned from hearing Abul Abbas the Deaf, Muhammad bin Salih bin Hani, Ibn Haban, and others. He died in the month of Dhu al-Hijjah in the year 406 AH.
The Learned Abu Umar, Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Ahmad Al-Bustami
The jurist, the author, the narrator, well-versed in Arabic. He learned largely from Abu Sa'eed Al-Sa'looki, and frequently from Ibn Adi and his contemporaries. He died in the month of Rabi' al-Awwal at the age of eighty-five.
Hilal bin Muhammad bin Ja'far al-Haffar
The honorable Sheikh Abul Fath, known for his sincerity, lived between 322-414 AH. He learned from Ismail al-Saffar, Uthman bin Ahmad al-Daqaq, Ismail bin Ali al-Khaza'i, and others. The Khateeb, Al-Baihaqi, Abu Nasr Al-Sijzi, and many more narrated from him. The Khateeb said of him: "He was truthful, died in Safar in the year 414 AH."
Abu al-Hasan, Ali bin Hassan al-Masri
The judge, the jurist, the Shafi’i: He heard from Abd al-Rahman bin Umar al-Nahhas, and Abu Sa'ad al-Malini and ended with him."
Additional references about his life and work can be found in Al-Ibr (3:93), Bughyat al-Wu'at (1:519), Tabakat al-Mufassirin li Dawoodi (1:140), and Shatharat al-Dhahab (3:181).
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Abdullah ibn Yahya al-Baghdadi al-Sakri
He was raised in Egypt and wrote several treatises. He was a judge who served for a time before resigning and retreating from public life. The notable Sheikh Abu Muhammad, Abdullah ibn Yahya ibn Abd al-Jabbar al-Baghdadi al-Sakri, was a trusted senior scholar. He reported a number of sections from Isma'il al-Saffar, recognized for their high degree of credibility. He also learned from Ja'far al-Khaldi, Abu Bakr al-Najad, among others. Scholars like al-Khatib, al-Bayhaqi, and al-Hussein ibn Ali al-Basri quoted from his works. Al-Khatib said, "We have written from him, and he was truthful." He died in the month of Safar in the year 417 Hijri.
Ahmad Ibn Abi Ali al-Hasan Ibn Hafiz Abi Amr Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Hafs ibn Muslim al-Harashi al-Hayri al-Naysaburi al-Shafi'i
This distinguished Imam, hadith scholar, and learned man was the chief source of religious quotes in Khorasan and was acknowledged as the judge of judges (325-417 Hijri). He narrated from Abu al-Abbas al-Asamm, Abu Ahmad ibn Adi, Hajib ibn Ahmad al-Tusi, Abu Muhammad al-Fakihi, among others. He acquired fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) from Abu al-Walid Hassan ibn Muhammad, studied linguistics and principles with companions of Abu Hassan al-Ashtari, proving himself a profound scholar and religious jurist. His teachings were related by senior figures including al-Hakim who was older than him; Abu Muhammad al-Juwaini, Abu Bakr al-Bayhaqi, Abu al-Qasim al-Qushayri, Abu Bakr al-Khatib, al-Hasan ibn Muhammad al-Saffar, amongst others. Al-Hakim praised and exalted him, acknowledging his composed work in principles and hadith.
References: For more information, see his biography in "History of Baghdad" (10: 199), "Al-Ibar" (3: 125), or "Shadharat al-Dhahab" (3:208). His genealogy can be found in "Al-Ansab" (4:108), "Al-Ibar" (3: 141), "Tabaqat al-Shafi'iya" by al-Subki (4:6), and "Shadharat al-Dhahab" (3: 217).
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19- Abu al-Hassan: Ali Muhammad al-Waiz al-Misri:
He was a Baghdadi who stayed in Egypt for a while. He transmitted narrations from Ahmad ibn Ubaid ibn Nasih, Abi Yazid al-Qaratysi, and their contemporaries. He was a possessor of Hadith (narrations of Prophet Muhammad) and has written several works on Hadith and asceticism. He was renowned preacher of his time. He passed away in the month of Dhu al-Qa'da in the year 438 Hijri.
20- Abu Ali, al-Husayn ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad, Ibn Ali ibn Hatim al-Ruzābarānī al-Tāwsī:
A narrator of Sunan Abi Dawood, he heard from ibn Dasa; he narrated to the city of Nishapur. He listened to Ismail al-Safar, Abdullah ibn Omar ibn Shwazb, and al-Husayn ibn al-Hasan al-Tawsi; and he was narrated from by al-Hakim, his contemporaries; Abu Bakr al-Bayhaqi; and Abu al-Fath: Nasr ibn Ali al-Tawsi; Fatima bint Abi Ali al-Daqqaq, and a large number of scholars, repeating their eighties. He passed away in Rabi' al-Awal, the third year of 400 Hijri.
21- Abu Ishaq al-Isfaraini:
The unique scholar and Imam, Professor Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Mehran al-Isfaraini al-Usuli al-Shafi'i, pillar of religion, was among the diligent scholars of his time and the author of dazzling compositions. He traveled for the sake of Hadith and heard from Dalj al-Sajzi, Abdul-Khaliq ibn Ruwa, Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Shafi'i, Muhammad ibn Yezdad, and others. He was narrated from by Abu Bakr al-Bayhaqi, Abu al-Qasim al-Qushayri, and Abu al-Tayyib.
He has a translation in "Shudhrāt adh-Dhahab". Al-Sam'ani said, "The phrase 'al-Rawzbari' refers to places by major rivers, known as 'al-Rawzbar.' These are scattered places, including a place at the door of Tabaran in Tus called 'al-Rawzbar.' I had visited the lands of al-Rawzbar once during my journeys." Further information about him can be found in "al-Ibr", and in "Shudhrāt adh-Dhahab".
For more details, refer to: "al-Ansab", "Tabayyun Kadhab al-Muftar", "Tahdhib al-Asma wa al-Lughat", "al-Ibr", "Tabaqat al Shafi'iyah" by al-Subki, "Tabaqat al-Shafi'iyah" by Ibn Qadi Shahbah, "al-Badai", "Shudhrāt adh-Dhahab".
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Biographies of Notable Islamic Scholars
Abu Ishaq Al-Usuli
As reported by Al-Hakim and others, Abu Ishaq Al-Usuli was a prominent jurist and theologian. Having left Iraq, he was recognized by scholars for his advancements in the field. In Nishapur, a school was established for him, the likes of which had never been built before in the city. He taught there until his death in the year 418 Hijri.
Abu Dharr Al-Harawi
[23] Renowned as an authoritative scholar, Imam, Quran reciter, and the Custodian of the Sacred Mosque, Abu Dharr Abd son of Ahmad son of Muhammad son of Abdullah Al-Ansari Al-Maliki was an author and a reliable narrator of Sahih Hadiths from Al-Mustamli, Al-Hamwi, and Al-Kashmihini. Born in the year 356 Hijri, he attended the teachings of Abu Al-Fadl Muhammad son of Abdullah son of Khamirwayh, Bishr son of Muhammad Al-Mazini, Abu Al-Hassan Al-Daraqutni, Al-Dinuri, among others. He compiled a dictionary of his teachers' biographies, and narrated Hadiths in Khorasan, Baghdad, and the Sacred Mosque. He was a reliable, precise, and pious man, who passed away in the year 434 Hijri.
Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Al-Hasan Ibn Furak
Abu Bakr Muhammad son of Hassan son of Furak Al-Isbahani [24] was a praiseworthy Imam, a formidable cleric, a pious and dutiful scholar, and an eloquent preacher. His life story has been recorded in the 'History of Baghdad (11:141)', 'Al-Muntazam (8:115)', 'Al-Kamil (9:514)', 'Al-Ibar (3:180)', 'Tadhkirat Al-Huffaz (3:1103)', 'Al-Bidaya (12:50)', 'Al-Dibaj Al-Madhhab (2:132)', and 'Shadhurat Al-Dhahab (3:254)'. His biography can also be found in 'Al-Ibar (1:95)', 'Tabaqat Al-Shafi'iyyah by Al-Subki (4:127)', 'Tabaqat Al-Shafi'iyyah by Ibn Qadi Shuhba (1:185)', 'Al-Nujum Al-Zahirah (4:240)', 'Shadhurat Al-Dhahab (3:181)', 'Inbah Al-Ruwat (3:110)', and 'Mir'at Al-Jinan (3:17)'.
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Mohammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Furak
The Gramarian, renouncer of worldly delights and decorations, devoted to Allah both in secret and openly. He is the author of works full of knowledge, and compositions overflowing with wisdom. A teacher unmatched, and a philosopher nobody could compete with: Mohammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Furak, Abū Bakr, the Ansārī from Isfahan, was born around the year 332 AH. Initially, he studied the Ash'ari doctrine in Iraq under Abu al-Hasan al-Bahili, then traveled to Nishapur, where he achieved fame and honor. There, he built his own house and school where he taught. Allah blessed him with various forms of knowledge, which inspired the scholars of jurisprudence.
Ibn Furak studied the complete Musnad of Al-Tayalisi under Abdullah ibn Ja'far al-Isfahani, and he also studied under ibn Kharzadh al-Ahwazi. His reports were subsequently used by scholars such as Abu Bakr al-Bayhaqi, Abu al-Qasim al-Qushairi, and Abu Bakr ibn Ali ibn Khalf.
Later, he was invited to the city of Ghazni in India. Showing determination and diligence, he traveled there, supported the truth, and benefited the people. God's mercy be upon him, he was a jurist, interpreter, fundamentalist, preacher, man of letters, linguist, and well-versed in the biographies of scholars. He died in the year 406. It is reported that he was poisoned by ibn Sabuktakin, because he was staunch in defending religion and refuted the anthropomorphic beliefs of the Karramiyya with arguments they could not deny, leading them to conspire against him.
Abu Bakr al-Tusi
Mohammad ibn Abi Bakr al-Tusi al-Nuqani meticulously studied jurisprudence in Nishapur under Al-Masarjī, and in Baghdad under Abu Mohammad al-Bafi al-Khwarizmi. He was the leader among the followers of Shafi'i in Nishapur, where he had his own educational and academic circles, and was known for his piety. For further study, see his biography in: the 'Classes of Sha'af'iya' by As-Subki (4:121), 'Classes by Ibn Qadi Shuhbah' (1:184), and 'The Method Agreement' by Ibn al-Mulaqqin (46).
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Renunciation and Virtue
A man of renunciation, he abandoned the pursuit of reputation and entering into the company of sultans. He refused governorships, but was of good character. Many flourished under his guidance, including Abu Al-Qasim Al-Qushayri. He died in Nawoqan in the year 1420.
Abu Al-Hasan Bin Bishran
Abu Al-Hasan bin Bishran Ali bin Muhammad bin Ubaid Allah bin Bishran Al-Muaddal (328-415). He heard from Abu Ja'far Al-Bakhtari, Ismail Al-Saffar, Uthman bin Al-Sammak, and others. Notable students of his included Al-Bayhaqi, Al-Khatib, Chief Abu Abdullah Al-Thaqafi, and others. According to Al-Khatib, "He was complete in nobility, apparent in religion, and steadfastly truthful".
Ahmad bin Ubaid bin Ismail Al-Hafiz
Al-Dhahabi states that he authored many Sunnah texts, often cited by Al-Bayhaqi. Al-Khatib stated: "Al-Daraqutni narrated from him, and he was trustworthy, steadfast, the author of the Musnad and its verifier".
Abu Al-Hasan Ali bin Ahmad bin Abbadan Al-Ahwazi
The reputable Sheikh and scholar, trustworthy and renowned, passed away in Khurasan in 415.
Abu Abdullah Al-Halimi
Al-Hussein bin Al-Hassan bin Muhammad bin Halim Al-Bukhari Al-Shafi'i, the judge and notable scholar. He was the leading scholar and speaker in Transoxiana. Among the most intelligent individuals and those characterized by distinction within the school of thought. For more on his life, refer to The Baghdad History (12:98), Al-Muntazam (8:18), Al-Ibar (3:120), and Shadharat al-Dhahab (3:203).
Additional references: Tahdhīb al-Tahdhīb (876), Biography in The Baghdad History (11:229), and History of Gorgan (503).
Further reading: Al-Ansab (4:198), Al-Muntazam (7:264), Tahdhīb al-Tahdhīb (3:1030), Al-Ibar (3:48), The classes of Al-Shafi'iyyah by Al-Subki (4:333), Al-Bidaayah (11:349), and Shadharat al-Dhahab (3:167).
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Notable Scholars and Their Achievements
He studied under Al-Qaffal, Imam Abi Bakr Al-Oudni, Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Khenb, Ad-Dukhmeisi, and others. He has valuable written works. Notable scholars, including Al-Hakim who was older, Abdur Rahim Al-Bukhari, and Al-Bayhaqi, have cited his works, especially in their noted book “Shu’ab Al-Iman.” He passed away in the year 403.
Abu Saad Al-Malini
Imam, narrator, truthful, ascetic, and traveler Abu Saad: Ahmad bin Mohamed bin Ahmad bin Abd Allah Al-Ansari Al-Heravi Al-Malini, also known as Taawoos Al-Fuqaraa. He journeyed in pursuit of knowledge, meeting scholars in Nishapur, Isfahan, Baghdad, Sham, and the Haramayn. He gathered and authored works. Narrators such as Al-Khateeb, Al-Bayhaqi, Abu Nasr Al-Sijzi, and others have cited his narrations. He was a man of truthfulness, piety, and proficiency who compiled major Hadith compilations. He passed away in the year 409.
Abu Said Al-Sirafi
Muhammad bin Musa bin Al-Fadl Al-Sirafi; reliable, trustworthy, and one of the most prominent students of Al-Asim. Passed away in 421. Al-Bayhaqi narrated his narrations in the writings of Al-Shafi’i.
Abu Al-Hasan Ali bin Al-Husayn bin Ali Al-Bayhaqi
Ali bin Al-Husayn bin Ali Al-Bayhaqi, owner of the Madrasa. His biography can be found in the History of Baghdad (4: 371), Al-Muntadhim (8: 3), The Biography of Hafiz (3:1070), In the Abrar (3: 107), Classes of Subki (4: 59), Al-Badayah (12: 11), Shards of gold (3: 195). His Translation is documented in The Abrar (3: 144), Shards of Gold (3: 220) and Historical Bayhaq (297).
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The Devout Imam and Scholar
He was a scholar and devout Imam, and he established a school in Nishapur.
32 - Muhammad ibn Fadl ibn Nazeef Al-Farraj Al-Masri (died 431 AH)
He was the authority of Egyptian traditions. He was heard at Mecca.
33 - Sahl Ibn Muhammad Ibn Suliman Al-Sa'alouki Al-Nishaporey
He learned from Al'Asm and Abu Ali Al-Rafaa, among others. Al-Hakim said: "He is the most diligent of scholars, a source of knowledge for Al-Hakim (who was older than him), Al-Bayhaqi, and others. Some scholars considered him the restorer of this nation's religion in the fourth century. After them, Ibn Al-Baqalani followed."
34 - Abu Bakr Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Ghalib Al-Khawarizmi Al-Burqani
An eminent Imam, Jurist, Beautiful Hafiz, Chief of warriors and scholars. Al-Khatib said: "Steadfast, God-fearing scholastic person, none among our Sheikhs are more steadfast than him. He is well-versed in jurisprudence, with a good understanding of Arabic and consistent orations. He authored a Musnad encapsulating the contents of the 'Sahih' books of Bukhari and Muslim. His collections also included the Hadiths of Sufiyan Al-Thawri, Ayyub, Shobba, Ubaidullah bin Umar, and others. He never stopped working until his death. He was solely passionate about knowledge". Al-Khatib also said: "I have never seen a Sheikh more steadfast than him". He was born in the year (336 AH) and died in (425 AH).
35 - Abu Mansur Al-Baghdadi: Abdul Qahir Ibn Tahir Ibn Muhammad Al-Tamimi
The fragments of Gold (3:249), Lessons (3:175). The Lineages (8:64), Exposing the Liar (211), Lessons (3:88), Sabki classes (4:393), The Beginning (11:324), The fragments of Gold (3:172). His biography is in the History of Baghdad (4:373), The Lineages (2:156), The Organized (8:79) A reminder of the Hifaz (3:1074), The Lessons (3:156), Sabki Classes (4:47). See his biography in: The Insight of the Narrators (2:185), Sabki Classes (5:136) The Beginning and The End (12:44).
Arabic:
Volume: intro (Page:107)
English:
36. Abu Abdullah Al-Ghada'iri
Abu Abdullah Al-Ghada'iri was a brilliant scholar, creative professor who authored exquisite compilations, and a prominent figure from the Shafi'i school of thought. Notable individuals such as Abu Bakr Al-Bayhaqi and Abu Al-Qasim Al-Qushayri narrated about him. He was counted amongst the leaders in Islamic jurisprudence.
The honorable Imam, trustworthy, Abu Abdullah, heard from Mohammed Bin Yahya Al-Souli, Ismail Bin Mohammed Al-Saffar, Abu Ja'far Al-Bukhtari, and others. His narrations were transmitted by Abu Bakr Al-Bayhaqi, Abu Bakr Al-Khateeb, Abu Al-Hussein bin Al-Muhtadi billah, and others. Al-Khateeb said: "He was a reliable, virtuous man who died in Muharram of the year 414 AH."
37. Abu Abdullah: Al-Husain bin Muhammad bin Funjwayh
Known as Al-Deenoori, the beneficial scholar, and the survival of the Sheikh. He narrated from Harun Al-Attar, Abu Bakr bin Al-Sunny, and Abu Bakr Al-Qati'i. Shiroyah mentioned him in his history: "He was trustworthy, truthful, and often narrated Hadiths. He had good handwriting and authored many books. He died in Neyshabur in Rabi' Al-Akhir of the year 414 AH."
38. Ibn Al-Baqal: Ubaidullah bin Umar bin Ali Al-Maqri
Ibn Al-Baqal, Ubaidullah bin Umar bin Ali Al-Maqri, who passed away in Baghdad is noteworthy. References can be found in Baghdad's History (8:34), Al-Ansaab (9:155), Al-Muntazam (8:14), Al-Ibar (3:116), and Shadharat Al-Dhahab (3:200). For the translation of his biography see Al-Ibar (3:116), and Shadharat Al-Dhahab (3:200). For more information about his biography, refer to the History of Baghdad (5:382) and Tabakat Al-Subki (5:233).
Arabic:
Volume: intro (Page:108)
English:
In the year 415
He was one of the reliable jurisprudents, narrated by Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi.
39- Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Ahmad Al-Bastami Al-Zarhaji (341-426)
An acknowledged scholar, narrator, author, and jurist of the Shafi'i school. He was also a student of Abu Sahl Al-Sa'luqi, and he learned under Abu Bakr Al-Isma'ili, and Abu Ahmad bin 'Adi, and Abu Ahmad Al-Hakim. Some of his students included Abu Bakr Al-Bayhaqi, Al-Ra'is Al-Thaqafi, and Ali bin Muhammad Al-Faqa'i among others.
40- Qadi Abu Omar: Muhammad bin Husayn Al-Bastami
The Shafi'i Sheikh, Judge of Nishapur who possessed wide-ranging knowledge, virtues, and judiciary authority. Among those who narrated from him are Al-Hakim, Al-Bayhaqi, and Abu Salih Al-Muezzin among others.
41- Abu Bakr Ahmad bin Ali bin Muhammad bin Ibrahim al-Manjuwi al-Yazdi al-Isfahani
One of the reliable Huffadh, he traveled to Bukhara, Samarkand, Herat and Jurjan. Some who narrated from him include Abu Bakr Al-Bayhaqi, Al-Khatib, Sa'id Al-Baqqal, and others. He documented text on Sahihs, taken from Jam'i Abu Isa and Sunan Abu Dawood. He passed away in the year 428.
42- Abu Husayn: Muhammad bin Husayn bin Muhammad bin Fadl Qattan Al-Baghdadi (334-415)
The renowned Sheikh, universally agreed upon for his trustworthiness, and who narrated from various sources such as 'Subki' Classifications' (4: 151), 'Gold Fragments' (3: 230), 'Genealogies' (6: 110), and 'The Lessons' (3: 160). Throughout his life, his work was documented, including in 'History of Baghdad' (2: 247), 'Genealogies' (2: 215), 'The Lessons' (3: 99), 'Gold Fragments' (3: 187), 'Subki's Classifications' (4: 140), and 'The Regular' (7: 285). Following his death, his life was remembered in 'Memoir of the Huffadh' (3: 1085), 'The Lessons' (3: 164), 'Gold Fragments' (3: 233), and his biography was compiled in 'History of Baghdad' (2: 249), 'Genealogies' (10: 186), 'The Regular' (8: 20), 'The Lessons' (3: 120), and 'Gold Fragments' (3: 203).
``` This translation has endeavored to be as true to the original as possible. The round brackets ( ) are followed by a number represent the dates; such as the year in Hijra, or the lifespan of a scholar. Also some terms that are technical or unique in Arabic related to Islamic sciences have been translated closest to their meanings but may not constitute a full explanation due to the nature of the original language. The text contains names of grand Islamic scholars and the books they wrote, taught, or learned.Arabic:
Chapters
- 1 . -
المقدمة - 2 . The First Volume
المجلد الأول - 3 . Introduction to the Evidences of Prophecy
[المدخل إلى دلائل النبوة] - 4 . Scholars' Opinions on Imam Al-Bayhaqi
أقوال العلماء في الإمام البيهقي - 5 . Scholars' Opinions on "Evidence of Prophethood"
أقوال العلماء في"دلائل النبوة" - 6 . The Introduction
التقدمة - 7 . Methods in Proving Prophecy
طرق في إثبات النبوة - 8 . 1 - Al-Ghazali's Method of Proving Prophecy:
١ - طريقة الغزالي في اثبات النبوة: - 9 . 2 - Ibn Khaldun's Method of Proving Prophethood:
٢ - طريقة ابن خلدون في إثبات النبوة: - 10 . 3 - Proofs of Prophecy in Khadijah's Conversion to Islam - May Allah be pleased with her:
٣ - دلائل النبوة في إسلام خديجة - رضي الله عنها -: - 11 . 4 - Evidence of Prophecy in the Islam of Abu Bakr the Truthful - May Allah be pleased with him -
٤ - دلائل النبوة في إسلام أبي بكر الصديق - رضي الله عنه - - 12 . "Evidences of Prophecy in the Islam of Abu Dharr al-Ghifari - May Allah be pleased with him -"
دلائل النبوة في إسلام أبي ذر الغفاري - رضي الله عنه - - 13 . "Evidences of Prophethood in the Islam of Talha bin Ubaidullah, may Allah be pleased with him"
دلائل النبوة في إسلام طلحة بن عبيد الله رضي الله عنه - 14 . "Evidences of Prophecy in the Conversion of Negus (the Abyssinian King) to Islam."
دلائل النبوة في إسلام النجاشي الأصحم. - 15 . Evidence of Prophethood in Zaid bin Sa'nah's Conversion to Islam:
دلائل النبوة في إسلام زيد بن سعنة: - 16 . "Evidences of Prophecy in the Conversion of the Doctor Damad to Islam."
دلائل النبوة في إسلام الطبيب ضماد: - 17 . Evidence of Prophecy in the Islam of the Clergy: Abdullah bin Salam:
دلائل النبوة في إسلام الحبر: عبد الله بن سلام: - 18 . Salman the Persian is searching for the truth:
سلمان الفارسي يبحث عن الحقيقة: - 19 . "Evidences of prophecy in the nobility of his life, peace be upon him, and his struggle:"
دلائل النبوة في سمو حياته صلى الله عليه وسلم وجهاده: - 20 . The Prophet, peace be upon him, in Ta'if:
الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم في الطائف: - 21 . Evidence of Prophethood in the Characteristics of Islamic Perception:
دلائل النبوة في خصائص التصور الإسلامي: - 22 . Monotheism is the miracle of Islam.
التوحيد معجزة الإسلام: - 23 . Al-Bayhaqi's condition in his book and the distinct features of his compilation:
شرط البيهقي في كتابه وخصائص مصنفه: - 24 . The classifications in the Proofs of Prophethood and the methodology of the classifier:
المصنفات في دلائل النبوة ومنهج المصنف: - 25 . The Life of Al-Bayhaqi and His Scholarly Status:
حياة البيهقي ومكانته العلمية: - 26 . Scholars of Al-Bayhaqi:
شيوخ البيهقي: - 27 . The students of Al-Bayhaqi:
تلاميذ البيهقي: - 28 . His works:
مصنفاته: - 29 . The scholars' testimony of his virtue and knowledge:
شهادة العلماء بفضله وعلمه: - 30 . His piety and asceticism:
ورعه وزهده: - 31 . His poetry:
أشعاره: - 32 . His death:
وفاته: - 33 . His elegy:
رثاؤه: - 34 . Description of the approved versions used in publishing the evidences
وصف النسخ المعتمدة في نشر الدلائل - 35 . 2 - The second original version (A)
٢ - النسخة الأم الثانية (أ) - 36 . Copernican version: denoted as (k) :
نسخة كوبريللي: ورمزها (ك) : - 37 . Version (K) Headphones:
سماعات النسخة (ك) : - 38 . Egyptian Library Version (212) the conversation marked with the character (S)
نسخة دار الكتب المصرية (٢١٢) حديث المرموز لها بالحرف (ص) - 39 . The version of Al-Haythami denoted by the letter (H)
نسخة الهيثمي المرموز لها بالحرف (هـ) - 40 . Headphones of version (H)
سماعات النسخة (هـ) - 41 . Version (215), a recent publication from the Egyptian Book House, symbolized by the letter (F).
النسخة (٢١٥) حديث دار الكتب المصرية، المرموز لها بالحرف (ف) . - 42 . The version (M) in Al-Mahmoudia Library, in the Public Library of Al-Madina Al-Munawara (9) Prophetic Biography:
النسخة (م) بالمكتبة المحمودية بمكتبة المدينة المنورة العامة (٩) سيرة نبوية: - 43 . Description of the two versions (B) and (D):
وصف النسختين (ب) و (د) : - 44 . The newspaper of sources and references that were attributed to its page numbers and its parts, and the date of its editions during the verification of the book "Evidence of Prophethood".
جريدة المصادر والمراجع التي جرى العزو إلى أرقام صفحاتها وإلى أجزائها، وتاريخ طبعاتها أثناء تحقيق كتاب دلائل النبوة