Book: Dalail an-Nubuwwah by Bayhaqi
٢ - طريقة ابن خلدون في إثبات النبوة:
Chapter: 2 - Ibn Khaldun's Method of Proving Prophethood:
Volume: intro (Page:14)
English:
On Attaining Certainty in Prophethood:
“Whoever begins his day with a single worry, God Almighty saves him from the concerns of this world and the hereafter. When you've put this to the test a thousand, two thousand, or thousands of times, you attain a necessary level of knowledge that needs no dispute. By this path seek certainty in prophethood, not from the staff turning into a snake, or the splitting of the moon, because if you consider these alone, without taking into account the countless other signs beyond enumeration, you might imagine they are magic or illusion, even a divine misguidance, for God Almighty: ‘He leads astray whom He wills, and guides whom He wills.’ And you'll be faced with the miracles. If your faith is based solely on their interpreted meaning, your faith will be shaken by any doubts raised against them. Let miracles be one of many proofs and signs to consider, until you attain a level of knowledge that you can't specifically identify. Just as one can’t claim certainty based on a single specific statement, but rather from an accumulation of knowledge and proof they don’t quite comprehend in entirety...This is the strong, practical faith.”
Ibn Khaldun’s Approach to Affirming Prophethood:
Ibn Khaldun, in his introduction, stated, “Know that God, the Exalted, chose among humans those whom he addressed directly, naturally predisposed them to His knowledge, and made them intermediaries between Him and His servants. They inform people of their interests, urge them to follow His guidance, and hold them back from the fires of hell, showing them the path to salvation. The knowledge and miracles they manifest, and the information they disseminate about unseen realities inaccessible to humans, could only come from one with access to...
Arabic:
Volume: intro (Page:15)
English:
Their Tongues are from Allah
Their tongues are a medium from Allah, only acknowledged through His teaching. As the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, said, "I only know what Allah has taught me." Understand that their truthfulness in this is essential due to its specificity and necessity, as will become clear to you when the essence of prophecy is explained.
The Signs of this Category of Humans
The sign of these human beings is their absence from those present with them during the revelation, covered as if in a faint or fainting in the eyes of the onlooker, which is different from either. The truth is a complete immersion in a meeting with the spiritual angel: aware of what is suitable for them, beyond human comprehension. Then the experience descends to human perceptions; either by hearing a sound of speech and understanding it, or a figure of a person speaking to them from what was brought forth from Allah. Then that state lifts from them, and they become aware of what was cast upon them.
The Prophet Describes Revelation
The Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, when asked about revelation, said, "Sometimes it comes to me like the ringing of a bell, which is the hardest on me. It then leaves, and I have understood what was said. And sometimes the angel appears to me as a man speaking to me, and I understand what he says." During this, the Prophet would feel such intensity and mental immersion that he was unable to express. In the Hadith, it says, "[The Prophet] was dealt intensely during the revelation." Aisha said, "Revelation would descend upon him on a severe cold day, then it would leave him, and indeed, his forehead would be dripping with sweat." Allah says, "We will make you recite a heavy word [Quran]."
Misunderstandings of Revelation
Because of this state during revelation, the pagans accused the prophets of madness. They viewed the prophets as hallucinating or enchanted with jinn. They were confused by the appearances of these states they witnessed.
Arabic:
Volume: intro (Page:16)
English:
Divine Guidance and Misguidance
"And whoever Allah leads astray, for him there is no guide." Among their signs is also the fact that there existed in them - before the revelation - the good nature and the charity, and the avoidance of reprehensible and impure acts. This is the implication of infallibility. It is as if he is given to be free from deplorable acts and to be repelled by them. It is as if it conflicts with his innate nature.
Historical Incident: Building The Kaaba
It is correctly documented that he carried stones while he was a boy, along with his uncle Abbas, to build the Kaaba. He put them in his loin-cloth, which got uncovered, and he fainted, until he was covered with his loin-cloth. He was invited to a feast which included a wedding and games. He was affected by sleepiness until the sun rose, and he did not participate in anything concerning them. Instead, Allah purged him from all of that, to the extent that due to his innate nature, he detested despicable foods.
Food Preferences of the Prophet
Indeed, the Prophet (peace be upon him) did not approach onions and garlic. When asked about it, he said: "I converse with Him whom you do not converse."
The First Revelation and Khadijah's Test
Observe when Khadijah, may Allah be pleased with her, informed the Prophet (peace be upon him) about the condition of the revelation that suddenly came to him, and she wanted to test him. She said: "Put me between you and your garment." When he did so, it left him. She said: "It is an angel, not a devil" and the implication is that he does not come near women.
Favored Garments
Similarly, she asked him about the most preferred garments for him to appear in. He said the white and the green. She said: "It is the angel". Meaning, white and green are the colors of goodness and angels. While black is the color of evil and devils, and suchlike.
Arabic:
Volume: intro (Page:17)
English:
Signs of Their Prophet-hood
Among their signs also is their call to religion and worship, including prayer, charity, and chastity. Khadijah, may Allah be pleased with her, believed in the truthfulness of the Prophet, peace be upon him, observing these signs, and so did Abu Bakr. Neither of them needed any external evidence beyond his condition and character.
The Emperor Heraclius' Inquiry
It is authentically reported that when the letter of the Prophet, peace, and blessings be upon him, inviting Heraclius to Islam arrived, he brought any Qurayshis he could find in his territory, among whom was Abu Sufyan, to inquire about the Prophet. When asked about his teachings, Abu Sufyan replied: "He commands us to pray, give charity, maintain ties, and be chaste, among other things." Heraclius responded: "If what you say is true, he is a Prophet, and he will possess what's under my two feet."
Chastity and Prophecy
The chastity referred to by Abu Sufyan, is infallibility. Notice how taking infallibility and the call to religion and worship as evidence of his truthfulness, he didn't need any miracles. This implies that these are among the signs of prophecy!
Eminent Ancestry
Another sign of prophets is that they belong to a noble lineage among their people. It is authentically reported that: "Allah did not send a prophet except from the nobles of his people." In another narration: "In the wealth of his people". It is corrected by Al-Hakm on the two Sahihs.
Heraclius' Inquiry Continued
In Heraclius' questioning of Abu Sufyan, as it is in the Sahih, he asked, "What is his status among you?" Abu Sufyan replied, "He is of noble lineage among us." Here Heraclius stated, "And the messengers are sent among the noblest of their people."
Arabic:
Chapters
- 1 . -
المقدمة - 2 . The First Volume
المجلد الأول - 3 . Introduction to the Evidences of Prophecy
[المدخل إلى دلائل النبوة] - 4 . Scholars' Opinions on Imam Al-Bayhaqi
أقوال العلماء في الإمام البيهقي - 5 . Scholars' Opinions on "Evidence of Prophethood"
أقوال العلماء في"دلائل النبوة" - 6 . The Introduction
التقدمة - 7 . Methods in Proving Prophecy
طرق في إثبات النبوة - 8 . 1 - Al-Ghazali's Method of Proving Prophecy:
١ - طريقة الغزالي في اثبات النبوة: - 9 . 2 - Ibn Khaldun's Method of Proving Prophethood:
٢ - طريقة ابن خلدون في إثبات النبوة: - 10 . 3 - Proofs of Prophecy in Khadijah's Conversion to Islam - May Allah be pleased with her:
٣ - دلائل النبوة في إسلام خديجة - رضي الله عنها -: - 11 . 4 - Evidence of Prophecy in the Islam of Abu Bakr the Truthful - May Allah be pleased with him -
٤ - دلائل النبوة في إسلام أبي بكر الصديق - رضي الله عنه - - 12 . "Evidences of Prophecy in the Islam of Abu Dharr al-Ghifari - May Allah be pleased with him -"
دلائل النبوة في إسلام أبي ذر الغفاري - رضي الله عنه - - 13 . "Evidences of Prophethood in the Islam of Talha bin Ubaidullah, may Allah be pleased with him"
دلائل النبوة في إسلام طلحة بن عبيد الله رضي الله عنه - 14 . "Evidences of Prophecy in the Conversion of Negus (the Abyssinian King) to Islam."
دلائل النبوة في إسلام النجاشي الأصحم. - 15 . Evidence of Prophethood in Zaid bin Sa'nah's Conversion to Islam:
دلائل النبوة في إسلام زيد بن سعنة: - 16 . "Evidences of Prophecy in the Conversion of the Doctor Damad to Islam."
دلائل النبوة في إسلام الطبيب ضماد: - 17 . Evidence of Prophecy in the Islam of the Clergy: Abdullah bin Salam:
دلائل النبوة في إسلام الحبر: عبد الله بن سلام: - 18 . Salman the Persian is searching for the truth:
سلمان الفارسي يبحث عن الحقيقة: - 19 . "Evidences of prophecy in the nobility of his life, peace be upon him, and his struggle:"
دلائل النبوة في سمو حياته صلى الله عليه وسلم وجهاده: - 20 . The Prophet, peace be upon him, in Ta'if:
الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم في الطائف: - 21 . Evidence of Prophethood in the Characteristics of Islamic Perception:
دلائل النبوة في خصائص التصور الإسلامي: - 22 . Monotheism is the miracle of Islam.
التوحيد معجزة الإسلام: - 23 . Al-Bayhaqi's condition in his book and the distinct features of his compilation:
شرط البيهقي في كتابه وخصائص مصنفه: - 24 . The classifications in the Proofs of Prophethood and the methodology of the classifier:
المصنفات في دلائل النبوة ومنهج المصنف: - 25 . The Life of Al-Bayhaqi and His Scholarly Status:
حياة البيهقي ومكانته العلمية: - 26 . Scholars of Al-Bayhaqi:
شيوخ البيهقي: - 27 . The students of Al-Bayhaqi:
تلاميذ البيهقي: - 28 . His works:
مصنفاته: - 29 . The scholars' testimony of his virtue and knowledge:
شهادة العلماء بفضله وعلمه: - 30 . His piety and asceticism:
ورعه وزهده: - 31 . His poetry:
أشعاره: - 32 . His death:
وفاته: - 33 . His elegy:
رثاؤه: - 34 . Description of the approved versions used in publishing the evidences
وصف النسخ المعتمدة في نشر الدلائل - 35 . 2 - The second original version (A)
٢ - النسخة الأم الثانية (أ) - 36 . Copernican version: denoted as (k) :
نسخة كوبريللي: ورمزها (ك) : - 37 . Version (K) Headphones:
سماعات النسخة (ك) : - 38 . Egyptian Library Version (212) the conversation marked with the character (S)
نسخة دار الكتب المصرية (٢١٢) حديث المرموز لها بالحرف (ص) - 39 . The version of Al-Haythami denoted by the letter (H)
نسخة الهيثمي المرموز لها بالحرف (هـ) - 40 . Headphones of version (H)
سماعات النسخة (هـ) - 41 . Version (215), a recent publication from the Egyptian Book House, symbolized by the letter (F).
النسخة (٢١٥) حديث دار الكتب المصرية، المرموز لها بالحرف (ف) . - 42 . The version (M) in Al-Mahmoudia Library, in the Public Library of Al-Madina Al-Munawara (9) Prophetic Biography:
النسخة (م) بالمكتبة المحمودية بمكتبة المدينة المنورة العامة (٩) سيرة نبوية: - 43 . Description of the two versions (B) and (D):
وصف النسختين (ب) و (د) : - 44 . The newspaper of sources and references that were attributed to its page numbers and its parts, and the date of its editions during the verification of the book "Evidence of Prophethood".
جريدة المصادر والمراجع التي جرى العزو إلى أرقام صفحاتها وإلى أجزائها، وتاريخ طبعاتها أثناء تحقيق كتاب دلائل النبوة