Book: Dalail an-Nubuwwah by Bayhaqi

باب ذكر التاريخ لوقعة بدر

Chapter: Chapter on Mentioning the Date of the Battle of Badr

Volume: 3 (Page:126)

English:

Chapter on the Mention of the Battle of Badr in History

Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz narrated to us, saying: Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Al-Mu'amal ibn Al-Hasan ibn Isa informed us that Al-Fadl ibn Muhammad ibn Al-Musayyib said: Ahmad ibn Hanbal informed us, saying: Musa ibn Dawud reported to us, saying: I heard Malik ibn Anas saying, "The Battle of Badr took place a year and a half after the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, migrated to Madinah." I said, "Based on this, it is indicated by what is narrated from Sa'id ibn Al-Musayyib saying, 'The Qibla was changed to the direction of the Kaaba in Makkah after residing in Madinah for sixteen months, and this was two months before Badr'.

Abu Al-Husayn ibn Al-Fadl Al-Qattan in Baghdad informed us, saying: Abdullah ibn Ja'far ibn Durustawayh informed us, saying: Ya'qub ibn Sufyan narrated to us, saying: Ahmad ibn Al-Khalil Al-Baghdadi in Naysabur told us, saying: Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad informed us, saying: Shayban reported from Qatadah, who said, 'The Prophet, peace be upon him, participated in nineteen battles, among them was the Battle of Badr. The Prophet's companions that day were three hundred and thirteen men, while the polytheists were more than a thousand but less than fifty. That happened in Ramadan, on the morning of the seventeenth night, on a Friday, after his emigration for eighteen months, or by the Will of Allah.'

Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz and Abu Sa'id ibn Abi Amr informed us, saying: Abu...

Arabic:

بَابُ ذِكْرِ التَّارِيخِ لِوَقْعَةِ بَدْرٍأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّه الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُؤَمَّلِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عِيسَى قالا: أَخْبَرَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ دَاوُدَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ، يَقُولُ «كَانَتْ بَدْرٍ لِسَنَةٍ وَنِصْفٍ مِنْ مَقْدَمِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّه عليه وَسَلَّمَ الْمَدِينَةَ.قُلْتُ: وَعَلَى هَذَا يَدُلُّ مَا مَضَى عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ «صُرِفَتِ الْقِبْلَةُ عَلَى رَأْسِ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا مِنْ مَقْدَمِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّه عليه وسلم الْمَدِينَةَ وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ بَدْرٍ بِشَهْرَيْنِ» .وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّه بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ دُرُسْتَوَيْهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْخَلِيلِ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ بِنَيْسَابُورَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شَيْبَانُ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ «غَزَا نَبِيُّ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ غَزْوَةً وَقَعَ فِيهَا يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ وَكَانَ أَصْحَابُ النَّبِيِّ صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم يَوْمَئِذٍ ثَلَاثَمِائَةٍ وَبِضْعَةَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ يَوْمَئِذٍ أَلْفٌ غَيْرُ خَمْسِينَ وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي رَمَضَانَ صَبِيحَةَ سَابِعِ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً خَلَتْ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ بَعْدَ هِجْرَتِهِ لِثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا أَوْ مَا شَاءَ اللَّه مِنْ ذَلِكَ» .أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّه الْحَافِظُ وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو

Volume: 3 (Page:127)

English:

Transmission of the Night of Decree (Laylat al-Qadr)

Al-‘Abbas Muhammad ibn Ya’qub reported that Ahmad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar informed him, who in turn narrated from Yunus ibn Bukayr, who heard from Qurra ibn Khalid, that he asked ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Qasim about the Night of Decree. He replied: "It was on the seventeenth of Ramadhan, according to Zaid ibn Thabit, and he said it was the same night as the Battle of Badr."

Day of Badr

Yunus ibn Bukayr, through Asbat ibn Nasr, from Isma’il ibn ‘Abd al-Haraman, mentioned that the Day of Badr was on a Friday, the seventeenth of Ramadhan.

Encounter at Badr

‘Urwa ibn al-Zubair narrated that the first person the Prophet Muhammad saw during the Battle of Badr was ‘Utbah ibn Rabi'ah. They clashed at Badr on a Friday, the seventeenth night of Ramadhan. The Muslims had three hundred and thirteen men while the polytheists numbered around nine hundred. This day was known as the Day of Discrimination, where Allah distinguished between truth and falsehood. The first two casualties from the Muslims were Mihja’, a servant of ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab, and a man from the Ansar. The polytheists were defeated, with over seventy killed, and many more taken as captives. It is on this occasion that Allah revealed: "And Allah had certainly assisted you at Badr while you were weak." (Quran, 3:123)

Arabic:

الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يونس ابن بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ قُرَّةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ فَقَالَ «كَانَ زيد بن ثابت بعظم سَابِعَ عَشْرَةَ وَيَقُولُ هِيَ وَقْعَةُ بَدْرٍ» .قَالَ: وأَخْبَرَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَسْبَاطِ بْنِ نصر، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الحرمن، قَالَ: «كَانَ يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ لِسَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ» .قَالَ: وأَخْبَرَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ «إن رسول اللَّه صلى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْتَقَى هُوَ وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ صَبِيحَةَ الْجُمُعَةِ لِسَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ» [ (١) ] .أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّه بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْأَصْبَغُ بْنُ فَرَجٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ وَهْبٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ: «كَانَ أَوَّلُ مَشْهَدٍ شَهِدَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّه صلى اللَّه عليه وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ وَرَئِيسُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ يَوْمَئِذٍ عُتْبَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ فَالْتَقَوْا بِبَدْرٍ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ لِسَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ خَلَتْ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ وَأَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّه صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم يَوْمَئِذٍ ثَلَاثَمِائَةٍ وَبِضْعَةَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ بَيْنَ الْأَلْفِ والتسع مائة فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ يَوْمَ الْفُرْقَانِ، فَرَّقَ اللَّه عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بَيْنَ الْحَقِّ وَالْبَاطِلِ وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ قَتِيلٍ قُتِلَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِهْجَعٌ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَرَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصار فهزم يومئذ المشركين وَقُتِلَ مِنْهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ زِيَادَةٌ عَلَى سَبْعِينَ رَجُلًا وَأُسِرَ مِنْهُمْ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّه عَزَّ وجل: وَلَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ بِبَدْرٍ وَأَنْتُمْ أَذِلَّةٌ [ (٢) ] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ.وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّه الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا[ (١) ] سيرة ابن هشام (٢: ٢٦٦) .[ (٢) ] الآية الكريمة (١٢٣) من سورة آل عمران.

Volume: 3 (Page:128)

English:

Translation of Classical Arabic Text

On the Night of Decree (Laylat al-Qadr):

Ja'far reported from al-A'mash from Ibrahim from al-Aswad from Abdullah on the Night of Decree, saying: "Seek it in one of the odd-numbered nights in the last ten nights of Ramadan, on the morning after the night of the full moon."

So said Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, who was well-known among the people of the battles, "That it falls on the seventeenth night of Ramadan, as verified by Allah, Glorified be He, (in the narration of Ibrahim)." And it was narrated by Abdur-Rahman ibn al-Aswad from his father from Ibn Mas'ud who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) instructed us, "Seek it on the night of the seventeenth, the nineteenth, and the twenty-first of Ramadan."

Zaid ibn Arqam was asked about the Night of Decree, and he said, "It is on the nineteenth night, there should be no doubt, and it is known as the Night of Discrimination, the day the two groups met."

Abu 'Abdullah al-Hafiz and Abu Sa'id ibn Abi 'Amr informed us, saying: Abu al-'Abbas Muhammad ibn Ya'qoob informed us, saying: Abu Zur'ah al-Dimashqi informed us, saying: Saeed ibn Suleiman informed us, saying: Khalid ibn Abdullah informed us, from Amr ibn Yahya, from 'Amir ibn 'Abdullah (ibn Zubayr), from his father, from 'Amir ibn Rabee'ah who said, "The morning of Badr was on the seventeenth of Ramadan."

Abu al-Husayn ibn Bishran informed us, saying: Abu 'Amr ibn al-Samak informed us. This was reported by al-Hakim in "Al-Mustadrak" (3:20), and he said, "This Hadith is authentic according to the conditions of the two Sheikhs, but they did not narrate it."

Lastly, Abu Dawood narrated it in the chapter on prayers: “Whoever narrated that it is the night of the seventeenth," from Hakim ibn Saif al-Raqi, from 'Ubaydullah ibn 'Amr al-Raqi, from Zaid ibn Abi Anisah, from Abu Ishaq. The additional narration is only from where indicated.

Arabic:

جَرِيرٌ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّه فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ، قَالَ: «تَحَرُّوهَا لِإِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ بَقِينَ صَبِيحَتُهَا يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ» [ (٣) ] .كَذَا قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّه بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ وَالْمَشْهُورُ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي «أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ لِسَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً مَضَتْ مِنْ شهر رَمَضَانَ» واللَّه أَعْلَمُ [فِي رِوَايَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ] [ (٤) ] .وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْأَسْوَدِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: قَالَ لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ «اطْلُبُوهَا لَيْلَةَ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ وَلَيْلَةَ إِحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ وَلَيْلَةَ ثَلَاثٍ وَعِشْرِينَ [ (٥) ] .وَرُوِيَ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ «أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ فَقَالَ لَيْلَةُ تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ مَا يَشُكُّ وَقَالَ يَوْمُ الْفُرْقَانِ يَوْمُ الْتَقَى الْجَمْعَانِ» . [الْمَشْهُورُ عَنْ غيره من أن الْمَغَازِي أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ لِسَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً مَضَتْ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ واللَّه أَعْلَمُ] [ (٦) ] .أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّه الْحَافِظُ وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّه عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّه ابن الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، قَالَ: «كَانَتْ بَدْرٍ صَبِيحَةَ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ» .وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عمرو بن السماك،[ (٣) ] أخرجه الحاكم في «المستدرك» (٣: ٢٠) ، وقال: «هذا حديث صحيح على شرط الشيخين ولم يخرجاه» .[ (٤) ] الزيادة من (أ) و (ح) .[ (٥) ] أخرجه أبو داود في الصلاة (باب) من روى أنها لَيْلَةَ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ مِنْ أبواب قيام الليل، عن حكيم ابن سيف الرقي، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّه بْنِ عَمْرٍو الرَّقِّيِّ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَبِي أنيسة، عن أبي إسحاق.[ (٦) ] ما بين الحاصرتين من (هـ) فقط.

Volume: 3 (Page:129)

English:

Transmission of Hadith about the Battle of Badr

Imam Hanbal ibn Ishaq narrated to us, saying: Abu Nuaim informed me, saying: Amr ibn Uthman informed us, saying: I heard Musa ibn Talhah saying: Abu Ayyub al-Ansari was asked about the Day of Badr. He replied: "Either seventeen passed, or thirteen passed, or eleven remained, or nineteen remained."

Arabic:

قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا حَنْبَلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُوسَى بْنَ طَلْحَةَ، يَقُولُ: سُئِلَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ عَنْ يَوْمِ بَدْرٍ، فَقَالَ: إِمَّا «لِسَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ خَلَتْ أَوْ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ خَلَتْ أَوْ لِإِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ بَقِيَتْ وَإِمَّا لِتِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ بَقِيَتْ» .

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