Chapter of the Ghazwah of Bani al-Nadeer

In this chapter, Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri mentioned that Urwah reported that this Ghazwah took place six months after the Battle of Badr and before the Battle of Uhud. Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Bukhari also narrated this in his book. Abu al-Husayn ibn al-Fadl al-Qattan informed us, saying that Abdullah ibn Ja'far told him, who in turn heard from Ya'qub ibn Sufyan, who heard from Abu Salih, who reported from Al-Layth, who narrated from 'Uqayl, who reported from Ibn Shihab, that the Ghazwah of Bani al-Nadeer took place after six months of the Battle of Badr. They were a group of Jews with their settlement near Madinah, and they were besieged.

For more information, refer to historical sources such as Ibn Hisham, al-Waqidi, Ibn Saad, al-Tabari, and others. Al-Bukhari and al-Bayhaqi also mentioned the event of Bani al-Nadeer before the Battle of Uhud. Ibn Kathir and other scholars argued that it should be placed after it, as Ibn Ishaq and other authorities on military campaigns displayed. The prohibition of alcohol during the nights of the siege of Bani al-Nadeer was lifted, as evidenced by the fact that a group who fought and died as martyrs on the Day of Uhud drank alcohol in the morning. This indicates that alcohol was not prohibited at that time and was only forbidden afterward.

The author reinstated this event after the Battle of Uhud, as will be discussed at the end of this part.

Rasulullah and the Conquest of Khaybar

Upon reaching Al-Jalā', it was revealed that they had more wealth and possessions than the she-camel could carry, except for the bracelets which were kept as weapons. The Messenger of Allah distributed them towards Sham, where Allah revealed:

“Everything in the heavens and earth exalts Allah - to Him belongs sovereignty and to Him belongs praise, and He is over all things competent - what they do” (Quran, 57:1).

Among their possessions were the date palms, except for one type. They destroyed their houses with their own hands, dismantling roofs and carrying them on camels as they had more property than the camels could bear. Their market in this world was located in Sham before the reckoning in the Hereafter. The conquest of Al-Jalā' was foretold in a verse of the Torah, and they were from a group that would not be harmed by Al-Jalā' until the Messenger of Allah was sent to them. If not for Al-Jalā', they would have been met with punishment in this world through death and capture.

The Battle of Uhud occurred six months after the Battle of Badr, as stated by Ibn Shihāb. Abu ‘Abdullah Al-Ḥāfiẓ reported from Abu Bakr Muḥammad Ibn Al-Mu’ammal Ibn Al-Ḥasan Ibn ‘Īsā that Al-Faḍl Ibn Muḥammad Ash-Sha'rānī narrated from Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal who heard from ‘Abd Ar-Razzāq, who narrated from Ma’mar, who relayed from Az-Zuhrī in his narration from ‘Urwah that, “The Battle of Uhud took place in Shawwāl, six months after verses (1-5) of Surah Al-Hashr were revealed” (Fath Al-Bārī, 7:329).

The Expedition of Bani Al-Nadeer

It was narrated to us by Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz who said: Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Ali Al-Sanaani informed me, who said: Zaid bin Al-Mubarak Al-Sanaani narrated to us, who said: Muhammad bin Thawr informed us, from Ma'mar, from Al-Zuhri, from Urwah, from Aisha who said: "The campaign of Bani Al-Nadeer - who were a Jewish group - took place six months after the Battle of Badr. Their residence and date palm trees were near Al-Madinah. The Messenger of Allah besieged them until they agreed to evacuate with only what camels could carry of their belongings, except for weapons. Then Allah revealed about them: 'Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth exalts Allah- until His statement- to the end of Surah Al-Hashr (Chapter 59). So the Prophet fought them until they agreed to evacuate and he banished them to Al-Sham. They were a tribe that had never experienced banishment. Allah had decreed banishment for them, otherwise, he would have decreed their punishment in this world through killing and captivity."

Regarding His statement: "first Hashr," their evacuation was the first gathering in this world to Al-Sham. A similar narration was reported by Al-Zuhri, from Urwah, from Aisha. The part about Aisha in this narration is not firmly preserved, and Allah knows best. It was narrated to us by Abu Ali Al-Husayn bin Muhammad Al-Rudhbary, who said: Abu Bakr bin Dasa informed us, who said: Abu Dawud narrated to us, who said: Muhammad bin Dawud bin Sufyan informed us, who said: Abdul Razzaq narrated to us, who said: Ma'mar narrated to us, from Al-Zuhri, from Abdur-Rahman bin Ka'b bin Malik, from a companion of the Prophet that the disbelievers of Quraish wrote to Ibn Ubbay and those who worshiped idols with him from Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj on the day the Prophet was in Al-Madinah before the Battle of Badr, saying: “You have harbored our companion, and we swear by Allah that you will fight him, or expel him, or we will march against you all together to fight your fighters and make permissible your women. When this message reached Abdullah bin [Surah Al-Hashr (Chapter 59). In some copies, it is “Al-Hashr”.]

The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah and its aftermath

Confrontation between the Prophet and the Meccans

Ubayy and his companions, idol worshipers, gathered to fight the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). When the Prophet was informed, he confronted them and said, "Quraysh has heard alarming news about you, more than you intend to wage against yourselves. You wish to fight your own sons and brothers." Upon hearing this, they dispersed, and the news reached the disbelievers of Quraysh.

Communications with the Jews and battle preparations

The Quraysh wrote to the Jews after the Battle of Badr: "You are experienced in warfare and fortresses. Either you fight alongside us against our companion or we will take action in such and such a way, not letting anything between us and your female camel herders." When the Prophet received their message, he gathered his companions to respond.

Confrontation with Banu Nadir and Banu Quraizah

The Prophet besieged Banu Nadir and then called for an agreement. They complied, and he left them. Later, the Prophet fought Banu Quraizah until they surrendered and were exiled, leaving behind their precious possessions for the Prophet. These were later distributed among the migrants and two needy Ansar individuals. Part of it was set aside as a gift for the family of Fatimah.

Translation of Classical Arabic Text

Musa ibn Uqbah and Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Yasar, among others from the people of wars, recounted that the expedition of Banu Nadir took place after Uhud. This was also reported by Ibn Lahi'ah from Abu al-Aswad from Urwah ibn Zubayr.

It was narrated to us by Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz, may Allah have mercy on him, who said: Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Baghdadi informed us, saying: Abu Ulatha narrated to us: Muhammad ibn Amr ibn Khalid said: My father informed us, saying: Ibn Lahi'ah narrated to us, saying: Abu al-Aswad informed us from Urwah...

And Abu al-Husayn ibn al-Fadl al-Qattan of Baghdad told us: Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Attab informed us, saying: Al-Qasim ibn Abdullah ibn Al-Mughirah narrated to us: Isma'il ibn Abi Uwais told us: Isma'il ibn Ibrahim ibn Uqbah narrated to us, from his uncle Musa ibn Uqbah...

He said: "This is the narration of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, when he went out to Banu Nadir seeking their help in dealing with the Banu Kilab. They had informed the Quraysh of their presence when they descended upon Uhud to fight the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. They incited them to fight and exposed their vulnerability.

When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, addressed them about dealing with the Banu Kilab, they said: 'Sit, O Abal Qasim, until you are fed and your needs are met, and we will discuss and resolve our affairs for which you have come to us.'...

The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, sat with his companions against a wall, awaiting their resolution. When they were alone, Satan influenced them to conspire to kill the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. They reassured each other that he was within reach, allowing them to return safely to their homes without any distress. However, one of them suggested that the Prophet was visible above the house under which they were, and he threw a stone toward him, but Allah Almighty informed the Prophet about their evil plan, thereby protecting him. The Prophet then behaved as if he needed to relieve himself and excused himself from his companions...

As the enemies of Allah were plotting against him, a man from Medina approached them and was asked about the Prophet's whereabouts. The man replied that he saw him entering the streets of Medina."

Expedition of Banu Quraizah

In response to a matter that arose, the Prophet Muhammad hurried to address it with his companions. Upon their return, revelations were received. Consequently, the enemies of God's will were exposed, prompting the believers to trust in God.

Subsequently, when Allah made clear the intentions of those who plotted against the Prophet and exposed their treachery, God commanded the expulsion of the offenders from their dwellings. The hypocrites in Medina questioned their fate, and upon learning of their expulsion, sought alliances with others of their kind.

Although the hypocrites pledged support, their deceitfulness was evident. Their leader, Abu Safiyyah Huyayy ibn Akhtab, made false promises. As their trickery became apparent, Satan misguided them, leading them to provoke the Prophet and his companions.

The Prophet, acting in accordance with the command of Allah, prepared his companions for what was to come. As they approached the Jewish settlement, the Jews fortified their homes and strongholds, hindering engagement. However, God protected His messenger and guided him to execute the necessary actions.

Orders were given to dismantle the Jewish residences and burn their palm trees. God incapacitated the Jews and the hypocrites, causing fear among both groups. Each time the Prophet finished destroying part of their settlement, God instilled terror in their hearts, fulfilling the divine decree.

This narrative can be found in the 12th verse of Surah Al-Ma'idah and the reference to "Al-Habs" in the original text is equivalent to "the Jews' dwellings."

Defeat of the Jews by Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)

In this historical event, the Jews faced defeat by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his companions. They tried to demolish the fortresses they were taking refuge in, but were unable to confront the Prophet and his companions. When the Jews were about to reach their last fortress, they sought help from the hypocrites, but finding no support, they turned to the Prophet asking for a resolution.

Outcome of the Confrontation

The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) decided to grant them safety on the condition that they would bear the expenses of the journey and leave everything behind except their weapons and personal belongings. They eventually surrendered, leaving behind a considerable amount of silver which the Prophet and his companions came across as they emerged victorious.

Divine Support and Exemplary Leadership

It is revealed in the Quran how Allah supported His Messenger through this ordeal and humiliated the disbelievers who conspired against him. The Messenger distributed the spoils of war among the Muhajireen and Ansar, demonstrating divine justice and wisdom. The Prophet Muhammad showed exceptional leadership, granting specific individuals from the Ansar their shares while exiling the Banu Nadir during the sacred month of Muharram.

Translation of Classical Arabic Text

Summary: This narration recounts the history of the Prophet Muhammad's encounters with the Jewish tribes of Banu Qaynuqa and Banu Qurayza. It describes how the Prophet besieged Banu Qaynuqa, later exiled the Banu Nadir tribe, and ultimately made a treaty with Banu Qurayza, who later broke the treaty leading to their defeat. The text also mentions the distribution of property and the expulsion of certain Jewish tribes from Medina.

Source: Seerat Ibn Hisham (Vol. 3:144)

Hadith about Banu Nadir

Al-Qasim bin Zakariyya reported that Fayyad bin Zuhayr told us, who reported from Abdul Razzaq, who reported from Ibn Jurayj, mentioning it with a chain of narration similar to the original except that he said: "So he killed their men, captured their women and children, and distributed their wealth among the Muslims." This hadith is recorded by Al-Bukhari in Al-Sahih from Ishaq bin Nasr. It is also narrated by Muslim from Muhammad bin Rafi' and Ishaq bin Mansur, all from Abdul Razzaq in the words of the jurist.

Incident of Cutting the Date Palms of Banu Nadir

Abdullah bin Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) cut down the date palms of Banu Nadir and set them on fire. Hassan bin Thabit said: "He disgraced the warriors of Banu Lu'ay with a blazing fire at al-Buwayrah that spread far and wide." This incident is referenced by the verse: "Whatever palm trees you cut down or left standing on their roots was by permission of Allah and in order to disgrace the defiant ones." (Quran 59:5)

Hadith on Prohibition of Cutting Trees

Reported by Muslim in Sahih from the hadith of Ibn al-Mubarak and also reported by Al-Bukhari from the hadith of Musa bin Uqbah on the authority of Nafi. The narration states:

Adam informed us, Wakaa reported from Ibn Abi Najeeh from Mujahid in regards to the saying, “What part of the date-palm tree have you cut?” He said, “Some of the Muhajireen forbade others from cutting the date-palm trees saying that it is from the spoils of the Muslims while those who cut them claimed it was a source of anger towards the enemy. Thus, the Quran was revealed to confirm the prohibition of cutting and to declare it permissible if authorized by Allah, Almighty.

Hadith on the Wealth of Banu Nadir

Abu Abd Allah Al-Hafiz reported to us that Abu Al-Abbas Muhammad bin Ya'qub narrated to us that Ahmad bin Shayban told us, who in turn narrated from Sufyan, from Amr bin Dinar, from Al-Zuhri, from Malik bin Aws bin Al-Hadathan, from Umar bin Al-Khattab, saying, "The wealth of Banu Nadir was what Allah bestowed upon His Messenger that was not collected by the Muslims through raiding with horses or camels. It was exclusively for the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, to spend on his family for a whole year.”

Translation of Classical Arabic Text

Context: This passage discusses the importance of keeping animals for war and maintaining weaponry for the sake of Allah.

Hadith: It was narrated in Sahih Ibn Hibban from the hadith of Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "Let it stay with you in the herds and prepare weapons for the sake of Allah."

Explanation: The term "al-kira'" refers to riding beasts suitable for war and tools for unforeseen incidents.

Source: This hadith was mentioned by Al-Bukhari in the interpretation of Surah Al-Hashr, Chapter (3), Hadith (4885) narrated by Ali ibn 'Abdullah Al-Madini from Sufyan from 'Amr from Az-Zuhri from Malik ibn Aws ibn Al Hadathan from 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him). It is also mentioned by Muslim in the Book of Battles, Chapter 15, Hadith (48), pages 1376-1377 narrated by Qutaybah ibn Saeed, Muhammad ibn 'Abbad, Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah, Ishaq ibn Ibrahim, 'Amr, Az-Zuhri, Malik, and 'Umar ibn Al-Khattab.

Additional Sources: An-Nasai narrated it in "The Ten Women" from Sa'id ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman, Abu Dawood in "The Leadership" from 'Uthman ibn Abi Shaybah, and At-Tirmidhi in "Jihad" from Ibn Abi 'Umar, saying it is a hasan sahih (good and authentic) hadith.