Book: Dalail an-Nubuwwah by Bayhaqi

باب ما جاء في زينب بنت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم امرأة أبي العاص بن الربيع بن عبد العزى ابن عبد شمس وهجرتها من مكة إلى أبيها بعد بدر

Chapter: Chapter: The account of Zainab, the daughter of the Prophet of Allah, peace be upon him, wife of Abi al-Aas bin Rabia bin Abd al-Uzza bin Abd Shams, and her migration from Makkah to her father after the Battle of Badr.

Volume: 3 (Page:154)

English:

Story of Zaynab bint Rasulullah (s.a.w) and her Marriage to Abu al-Aas ibn al-Rabi'

It was narrated that when the people of Makkah sent money as ransom for their captives, Zaynab bint Rasulullah (s.a.w) sent ransom for her husband, Abu al-Aas ibn al-Rabi', along with a necklace that belonged to Khadijah, which she had inherited. When the Prophet (s.a.w) saw her necklace, he remembered Khadijah and showed great compassion towards Zaynab. He told the people to release her captive and return her necklace to her. The Prophet had promised to set Zaynab free and he kept his promise.

Message from Ibn Ishaq

According to Ibn Ishaq, Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr narrated that on the day of Badr, the Prophet (s.a.w) released Abu al-Aas ibn al-Rabi' who was among the captives. The Prophet sent Zaid ibn Harithah and a man from Ansar to escort him back. They were instructed to meet him at a location known as Yajaj, located approximately eight miles from Makkah. This location was further from Makkah and lay between Bani Masjid al-Shajarah and Masjid al-Tan'eem.

Arabic:

بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وسلم امْرَأَةِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى ابن عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ وَهِجْرَتِهَا مِنْ مَكَّةَ إِلَى أَبِيهَا بَعْدَ بَدْرٍأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّه الْحَافِظُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبَّادِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّه بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ: «لَمَّا بَعَثَ أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ فِي فِدَاءِ أَسْرَاهُمْ بَعَثَتْ زَيْنَبُ بِنْتُ رَسُولِ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي فِدَاءِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ بِمَالٍ وَبَعَثَتْ فِيهِ بِقِلَادَةٍ كَانَتْ خَدِيجَةُ أَدْخَلَتْهَا بِهَا عَلَى أَبِي العاص حين بنا عَلَيْهَا، فَلَمَّا رَآهَا رَسُولُ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عليه وَسَلَّمَ رَقَّ لَهَا رِقَّةً شَدِيدَةً وَقَالَ إِنْ رَأَيْتُمْ أَنْ تُطْلِقُوا لَهَا أَسِيرَهَا وَتَرُدُّوا عَلَيْهَا الَّذِي لَهَا فَافْعَلُوا قَالُوا نَعَمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّه فَأَطْلَقُوهُ وَرَدُّوا عَلَيْهَا الَّذِي لَهَا.وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ أَخَذَ عَلَيْهِ أَوْ وَعَدَ رَسُولُ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عليه وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يُخَلِّيَ زَيْنَبَ إِلَيْهِ» .قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّه بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ قَالَ: «لَمَّا أَطْلَقَ رَسُولُ اللَّه صلى اللَّه عليه وَسَلَّمَ أَبَا الْعَاصِ بْنَ الرَّبِيعِ وَكَانَ فِي الْأُسَارَى يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ بَعَثَ زَيْدَ بْنَ حَارِثَةَ وَرَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَقَالَ: كُونَا بِبَطْنِ يَأْجِجَ [ (١) ] حَتَّى تَمُرَّ بِكُمَا[ (١) ] (يأجج) : اسم لمكانين (أحدهما) : على ثمانية أميال من مكة، (والثاني) : أبعد منه، وفيه بني مسجد الشجرة، وبينه وبين مسجد التنعيم ميلان.

Volume: 3 (Page:155)

English:

Zainab bint Rasulullah (pbuh) - Journey to Mecca

It is narrated that Zainab, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), accompanied her until they reached a place after the exit of Abu Al-Aas. People thought that it was a promise made by the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) concerning that.

Ibn Ishaq said, "This was after Badr, by a month." Abdullah ibn Abu Bakr said, "I heard from Zainab, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), that when Abu Al-Aas arrived in Mecca, he told me to prepare myself to join your father. I prepared myself and Hind bint Utbah met me and said, 'O daughter of Muhammad, didn't I hear that you want to leave with your father? I told her that's not my intention. She said, 'Don't do it, I am a wealthy woman and if you need any goods, I will provide them for you. If you need a loan, I will lend you, as what is between women is not like what is between men.' I replied, 'By Allah, I do not see her saying this except to try to make me do it. I feared her and kept quiet and said, 'That's not what I want.' When Zainab finished preparing herself, she left, and her uncle Kanana bin Rabeeah led her during the day."

Abu Sufyan's Request

Abu Sufyan, of the nobility of Quraysh, approached and said, 'Hold on, let us speak to you about your spear.' Abu Sufyan then said, 'You haven't done anything, you left with a woman in plain sight of everyone. You know the affliction that hit us in Badr, so the Arabs think and talk that this is a sign of weakness and irresponsibility for you to come out among us with your daughter in front of our faces. Return the woman, keep her for some time, then let her roam at night, and reunite her with her father. By my life, we have no need to separate her from her father, and now we have no vengeance for what has befallen us.'

Abu Sufyan followed through, and after a day or two, he returned Zainab, and she continued until she reached the Messenger of Allah (pbuh), where they mentioned that she threw stones in fear when Habbar bin Umme approached her.

Arabic:

زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وسلم فَاصْحَبَاهَا حَتَّى تَقْدَمَا بِهَا فَخَرَجَا بَعْدَ مَخْرَجِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ فَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُ قَدْ كان وَعْدِ رَسُولُ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهَا ذَلِكَ» .قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَذَلِكَ بَعْدَ بَدْرٍ بِشَهْرٍ. قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّه بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ:فَحُدِّثْتُ عَنْ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وسلم أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ أَبُو الْعَاصِ مَكَّةَ قَالَ لِي تَجَهَّزِي فَالْحَقِي بِأَبِيكِ فَخَرَجْتُ أَتَجَهَّزُ فَلَقِيَتْنِي هِنْدُ بِنْتُ عُتْبَةَ فَقَالَتْ يَا بِنْتَ مُحَمَّدٍ أَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنِي أَنَّكِ تُرِيدِينَ اللُّحُوقَ بِأَبِيكِ فَقُلْتُ لَهَا مَا أَرَدْتُ ذَلِكَ. فَقَالَتْ لَهَا أَيْ بِنْتَ عَمٍّ لَا تَفْعَلِي، إِنِّي امْرَأَةٌ مُوسِرَةٌ وَعِنْدِي سِلَعٌ مِنْ حَاجَتِكِ فَإِنْ أَرَدْتِ سِلْعَةً بِعْتُكِهَا أَوْ قَرْضًا مِنْ نَفَقَةٍ أَقْرَضْتُكِ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَدْخُلُ بَيْنَ النِّسَاءِ مَا بَيْنَ الرِّجَالِ.قَالَتْ: فو اللَّه مَا أُرَاهَا قَالَتْ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا لِتَفْعَلَ فَخِفْتُهَا فَكَتَمْتُهَا، وَقُلْتُ: مَا أُرِيدُ ذَلِكَ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَتْ زَيْنَبُ مِنْ جِهَازِهَا ارْتَحَلَتْ، وَخَرَجَ بِهَا حَمُوهَا يَقُودُ بِهَا نَهَارًا: كِنَانَةُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، وَتَسَامَعَ بِذَلِكَ أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ وَخَرَجَ فِي طَلَبِهَا هَبَّارُ بْنُ الْأَسْوَدِ، وَنَافِعُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْقَيْسِ الْفِهْرِيُّ وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ سَبَقَ إِلَيْهَا هَبَّارٌ، فَرَوَّعَهَا بِالرُّمْحِ وَهِيَ فِي هَوْدَجِهَا وَبَرَكَ [حَمُوهَا] كِنَانَةُ، وَنَثَرَ نَبْلَهُ ثُمَّ أَخَذَ قَوْسَهُ وَقَالَ:واللَّه لَا يَدْنُو مِنِّي رَجُلٌ إِلَّا وَضَعْتُ فِيهِ سَهْمًا.وَأَقْبَلَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ فِي أَشْرَافِ قُرَيْشٍ فَقَالَ يَا هَذَا أَمْسِكْ عَنَّا نَبْلَكَ حَتَّى نُكَلِّمَكَ فَوَقَفَ عَلَيْهِ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ وَقَالَ إِنَّكَ لَمْ تَصْنَعْ شَيْئًا خَرَجْتَ بِالْمَرْأَةِ عَلَى رؤوس النَّاسِ وَقَدْ عَرَفْتَ مُصِيبَتَنَا الَّتِي أَصَابَتْنَا بِبَدْرٍ فَتَظُنُّ الْعَرَبُ وَتَتَحَدَّثُ أَنَّ هَذَا وَهْنٌ مِنَّا وَضَعْفٌ خُرُوجَكَ إليه بابنته على رؤوس النَّاسِ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَظْهُرِنَا. ارْجِعْ بِالْمَرْأَةِ فَأَقِمْ بِهَا أَيَّامًا ثُمَّ سُلَّهَا سَلًّا رَفِيقًا فِي اللَّيْلِ فَأَلْحِقْهَا بِأَبِيهَا فَلَعَمْرِي مَا لَنَا بِحَبْسِهَا عَنْ أَبِيهَا حَاجَةٌ وَمَا لَنَا فِي ذَلِكَ الآن مِنْ ثُؤْرَةٍ فِيمَا أَصَابَ مِنَّا.فَفَعَلَ فَلَمَّا مَرَّ بِهِ يَوْمَانِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةٌ سَلَّهَا فَانْطَلَقَتْ حَتَّى قَدِمْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَذَكَرُوا أَنَّهَا قَدْ كَانَتْ أَلْقَتْ- لِلرَّوْعَةِ الَّتِي أَصَابَتْهَا حِينَ روعها هبّار بن أُمِّ

Volume: 3 (Page:156)

English:

Translation of the Classical Arabic Text

In his biography of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), Ibn Hisham reported that Aisha said: When the Prophet arrived in Al-Madinah, his daughter Zaynab, who had come from Makkah with Kenana ibn al-Rabi, left ahead of him. Hawbar ibn al-Aswad caught up with her and kept spearing her camel with his spear until he caused it to stumble, throwing her off and causing her to miscarry. The Banu Hashim and Banu Umayyah clashed over her, with Banu Umayyah claiming that she belonged to them as she had been under the care of Abu al-As. She was staying with Hind bint Utbah ibn Rabi'ah, who used to say to her, "This is due to your father's actions." The Prophet then instructed Zaid ibn Harithah to go bring Zaynab to him.

Zaid set out and soon met a shepherd who asked him whose sheep he was tending, to which Zaid replied they belonged to Abu al-As. When asked about Zaynab, Zaid mentioned she was the daughter of Muhammad. The shepherd then led Zaid and his sheep a distance before handing Zaynab the Prophet's ring, unaware of its significance. Upon reaching the Prophet, Zaynab recognized the ring and asked who had given it to the shepherd, and Zaid replied a man had given it to him. The shepherd handed Zaynab the ring, and she knew at once it was a token from the Prophet. Zaid then remarked that the Prophet had asked him not to reveal who had given him the ring.

Upon their arrival in Al-Madinah, the Prophet welcomed Zaynab, declaring her the best of his daughters who had gone through so much for him. This story reached Ali ibn Husayn who visited Urwah and inquired if Urwah had mentioned anything disrespectful about Fatimah. Urwah denied it, saying he'd not wish to change anything in Ibn Hisham's account. (Ibn Hisham, pp. 298-299)

Arabic:

دِرْهَمٍ- مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا» [ (٢) ] .أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ بِبَغْدَادَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمِصْرِيُّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ الْعَلَّافُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ الْهَادِ، قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّه بْنِ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمَّا أَنْ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ خَرَجَتِ ابْنَتُهُ زَيْنَبُ مِنْ مَكَّةَ مَعَ كِنَانَةَ أَوِ ابْنِ كِنَانَةَ فَخَرَجُوا فِي إِثْرِهَا، فَأَدْرَكَهَا هَبَّارُ بْنُ الْأَسْوَدِ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَطْعَنُ بَعِيرَهَا بِرُمْحِهِ حَتَّى صَرَعَهَا، وَأَلْقَتْ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا، وَأُهْرِيقَتْ دَمًا، فَتَحَمَّلَتْ فَاشْتَجَرَ فِيهَا بَنُو هَاشِمٍ، وَبَنُو أُمَيَّةَ: فَقَالَتْ بَنُو أُمَيَّةَ: نَحْنُ أَحَقُّ بِهَا وَكَانَتْ تَحْتَ أَبِي الْعَاصِ، وَكَانَتْ عِنْدَ هِنْدِ بِنْتِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، وَكَانَتْ تَقُولُ لَهَا هِنْدُ هَذَا فِي سَبَبِ أَبِيكِ. قَالَتْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وسلم لِزَيْدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ: أَلَا تَنْطَلِقُ فَتَجِيءَ بِزَيْنَبَ؟ فَقَالَ: بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّه، قَالَ: فَخُذْ خَاتَمِي فَأَعْطِهَا إِيَّاهُ، فَانْطَلَقَ زَيْدٌ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَتَلَطَّفُ حَتَّى لَقِيَ رَاعِيًا، فَقَالَ: لِمَنْ تَرْعَى؟ قَالَ: لِأَبِي الْعَاصِ، قَالَ: فَلِمَنْ هَذِهِ الْغَنَمُ؟ قَالَ لِزَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَسَارَ مَعَهُ شَيْئًا. ثُمَّ قَالَ: هَلْ لَكَ إِنْ أَعْطَيْتُكَ شَيْئًا تُعْطِهَا إِيَّاهُ وَلَا تَذْكُرْهُ لِأَحَدٍ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَأَعْطَاهُ الْخَاتَمَ وَانْطَلَقَ الرَّاعِي، فَأَدْخَلَ غَنَمَهُ وَأَعْطَاهَا الْخَاتَمَ فَعَرَفَتْهُ، فَقَالَتْ: مَنْ أَعْطَاكَ هَذَا؟ قَالَ: رَجُلٌ، قَالَتْ: وَأَيْنَ تَرَكْتَهُ؟ قَالَ بِمَكَانِ كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَسَكَتَتْ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ اللَّيْلُ خَرَجَتْ إِلَيْهِ فَلَمَّا جَاءَتْهُ قَالَ لَهَا: ارْكَبِي بَيْنَ يَدَيَّ عَلَى بَعِيرِهِ، فَقَالَتْ: لَا وَلَكِنِ ارْكَبْ أَنْتَ بَيْنَ يَدَيَّ، فَرَكِبَ وَرَكِبَتْ وَرَاءَهُ، حَتَّى أَتَتِ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: هِيَ أَفْضَلُ بَنَاتِي أُصِيبَتْ فِيَّ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ حُسَيْنِ [بْنِ زَيْنِ الْعَابِدِينَ] ، فَانْطَلَقَ إِلَى عُرْوَةَ فَقَالَ: مَا حَدِيثٌ بَلَغَنِي عَنْكَ أَنَّكَ تُحَدِّثُهُ تَنْتَقِصُ فِيهِ فَاطِمَةَ؟ فَقَالَ عُرْوَةُ: واللَّه مَا أُحِبُّ أَنَّ لِي ما بين[ (٢) ] سيرة ابن هشام (٢: ٢٩٨- ٢٩٩) .

Volume: 3 (Page:157)

English:

Translation

In the east and the west; and indeed, I diminish the rights of Fatimah (peace be upon her), which rightfully belong to her. However, after this, I shall never speak of this again."[3][3] Quoted by Ibn Kathir in al-Tarikh (3:330-331) and added a poem by Abu Khaythamah on the exile of Zaynab:

He who is beyond people's estimation has come to me ... concerning Zaynab, among them in disobedience and sinfulness. Her being expelled did not humiliate Muhammad in her ... despite the adversity and a breath of fragrance separates us.

Abu Sufyan was left regretting his oaths ... from our battles, above reproach and disdained. His son was paired with Umar and a client on his right ... adorned with a necklace of tanned hides. I swear she will never be detached from us ... like the cavalry of Khumais in the well-known valley.

The Quraysh will be terrorized by disbelief ... until they fall in humiliation above their snouts. We descend on Nejd with spears and palm trees ... and if they accuse us of horse and rider, we accuse them.

Time will twist our ranks until we free ... and chase their footprints, following the path of 'Ad. People repent who did not obey Muhammad ... at their command and whenever they feel regret.

Give my glad tidings, Abu Sufyan, if I meet you ... if you do not sincerely submit in prostration and surrender. Rejoice in hastened disgrace in this life ... and a cloak of fire eternally in Hell.

Arabic:

الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ وَإِنِّي أَنْتَقِصُ فَاطِمَةَ عَلَيْهَا السَّلَامُ حَقًّا هُوَ لَهَا، وَأَمَّا بَعْدُ فَلَكَ أَنْ لَا أُحَدِّثَهُ أبدا» [ (٣) ] .[ (٣) ] نقله ابن كثير في التاريخ (٣: ٣٣٠- ٣٣١) ، وأضاف إليه قصيدة ابي خيثمة في هجرة زينب:أتاني الذي لا يقدر النّاس قدره ... لزينب فيهم من عقوق ومأثموإخراجها لم يخز فيها محمّد ... على مأقط وبيننا عطر منشموأمسى أبو سفيان من حلف ضمضم ... ومن حربنا في رغم أنف ومندمقرنّا ابنه عمرا ومولى يمينه ... بذي حلق جلد الصّلاصل محكمفأقسمت لا تنفكّ منّا كتائب ... سراة خميس في لهام مسوّمنروع قريش الكفر حتّى نعلّها ... بخاطمة فوق الأنوف بميسمننزّلهم أكناف نجد ونخلة ... وإن يتهموا بالخيل والرّجل نتهميد الدّهر حتّى لا يعوّج سربنا ... ونلحقهم آثار عاد وجرهمويندم قوم لم يطيعوا محمّدا ... على أمرهم وأيّ حين تندّمفأبلغ أبا سفيان إمّا لقيته ... لئن أنت لم تخلص سجودا وتسلمفابشر بخزي في الحياة معجّل ... وسربال قار خالدا في جهنّم

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