Chapter on the Persecution the Prophet Muhammad and his Companions Endured Until the Migration

In this chapter, we mention the hardships that the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) and his companions (may Allah be pleased with them) faced from the polytheists until they were forced to migrate, and the signs that appeared through his supplications against seven of them. He promised his nation during that time what Allah would grant them victory and that He would complete this matter for them. And it happened just as he said. It was narrated about Zinneera...

Narrators of the Hadith

• Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz
• Abu Abdullah Ishaq ibn Muhammad ibn Yusuf Al-Susiyyu
• Abu Bakr Al-Qadi

Chain of Narration:

1. Abu Al-Abbas Muhammad ibn Yaqub reported to us
2. Al-Abbas ibn Al-Walid ibn Mazid narrated to me
3. Al-Awza'i said: I heard Yaḥya ibn Abi Kathir say
4. Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Al-Harith Al-Taymi informed me
5. Urwa ibn Al-Zubayr reported
6. I asked Abdullah ibn Amr ibn Al-Aas and he said...

Incident Mentioned in the Hadith:

Someone asked Abdullah ibn Amr ibn Al-Aas, "Tell me the worst thing the polytheists did to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family)." He replied, "Ikrima ibn Abi Jahl attacked the Prophet while he was praying near the Kaaba. He grabbed his garment tightly around his neck, attempting to strangle him. Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) stepped in, took hold of his shoulders, and pushed him away from the Prophet Muhammad, saying: 'Would you kill a man just because he says his Lord is Allah and he has brought clear proofs from your Lord?'

Translation of a Classical Arabic Text

Hadith Narrated by Abdullah bin Amr:

Reported by Al-Bukhari in Sahih from various narrators, including Al-Awza'i, then Ibn Ishaq continued the narration. Yahya bin Urwah reported from his father Urwah, saying: "I asked Abdullah bin Amr: 'What is the most that Quraysh inflicted upon the Messenger of Allah in terms of enmity that they displayed towards him?' He replied: 'I saw their nobles gathered one day in the Hijr, mentioning the Prophet Muhammad. They said: 'We have never seen anyone endure what we have from this man: he insults our intelligence, curses our fathers, disparages our religion, divides our community, and reviles our idols. Yet we have endured his great affairs or so they said. While they were conversing, the Messenger of Allah appeared and walked until he reached the corner. They glanced at him with some words. I noticed this on the face of the Messenger of Allah. He passed by a group near the Kaaba who gestured at him with words. I recognized it on his face. He passed by them a third time...'"

Source References:

This hadith is recorded by Al-Bukhari in: Book of the Virtues of the Companions, under the chapter: The Prophet's saying: "If I were to take a close friend", Hadith number (3678). Also referenced in: Book of the Virtues of the Ansar, under the chapter: What the Prophet and his Companions encountered from the polytheists in Mecca, Hadith number (3856). It is mentioned in Book of Interpretation, under the exegesis of Surah Al-Mu'min, Hadith number (4815).

The Encounter with the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم)

After being mocked by his people, the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) stood firm and announced his mission, saying: "I have come to you with the slaughter." His words had a profound effect on his audience, causing them to hang on to every word he uttered, despite their previous hostility towards him.

The next day, as they gathered together in the Hijr, the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) appeared among them. They rushed towards him, with one man leading the way, confronting him about his criticisms of their idols and religion. The Prophet confirmed his words and recalled an incident involving Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him), highlighting the emotional impact it had on the people.

In this narration, the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) forewarned them of the consequences of their rejection, and indeed, soon after, Allah's decree was fulfilled, leading to the eventual defeat of the Meccans. This event serves as a lesson for all Muslims.

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari

Famous Incident at the Kaaba

Transmission Chain

Reported by Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Qadi and Muhammad ibn Musa ibn al-Fadl, who said: Narrated to us Abu al-Abbas Muhammad ibn Ya'qub, who said: Narrated to us al-Abbas ibn Muhammad, who said: Narrated to us Khalid ibn Makhlad al-Qatwani, who said: Narrated to us Sulayman ibn Bilal, who said: Hisham ibn Uruwa narrated to me from his father from Amr ibn al-As saying:

Key Points

• Moments of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) at the Kaaba.
• The Quraish pagans plotting to harm the Prophet.
• Prophet's encounter with them at the Kaaba.

Prophet's Stand

"Never did the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) do something more significant than when he circumambulated the Kaaba, as if he was saying 'Farewell.' When he finished, they seized the corners of his cloak and said: 'You denounce our ancestral religion.' He replied: 'I am indeed doing so.' Then Abu Bakr intervened and stood behind him saying: 'Would you kill a man for saying his Lord is Allah?' And indeed, he has brought clear signs from your Lord. If he is lying, then his lie is on him, but if he is truthful, some of what he promises you will befall you. Allah does not guide one who is a transgressor and a liar.' He raised his voice and his eyes wandered until they let him go."

Further Narration

Reported by Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz and Abu Zakariyya ibn Abi Ishaq al-Muzakki, who said: Narrated to us Abu al-Hasan Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Anbari, who said: Narrated to us Uthman ibn Saeed al-Darimi, who said: Narrated to us al-Wuddah ibn Yahya al-Nahshali al-Kufi, who said: Narrated to us Abu Bakr ibn Ayyash from Abdullah ibn Uthman ibn Khuthaym from Sa'id ibn Jubayr from Ibn Abbas from Fatimah, who said:

The Incident at the Kaaba

"The idolaters of the Quraish gathered in the Hijr and said: 'When Muhammad passes by, each of us shall strike him a blow.' When his daughter heard this, she mentioned it to her father. He said: 'My dear, be silent.' Then he went out and entered the mosque. They turned their heads towards him and then turned away. He picked up a handful of sand and threw it towards them, saying: 'May these (referencing the sand) disgrace you!'

The Incident of Salla Throwing in Front of the Prophet (PBUH) on the Day of Badr

It was narrated that Abdullah ibn Ja'far said: "I heard Amr ibn Maymun say: 'While the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) was prostrating and people from the Quraysh were gathered around him, a man threw the salla of a camel on his back. They asked who would take it off, and then Uqbah ibn Abi Mu'ayt came and removed it from the back of the Prophet (PBUH). Fatimah came and took it off his back and cursed those who had done that.'"

Abdullah said: "I never saw the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) invoking curses except on that day. He said: 'O Allah, punish the leaders of Quraysh, punish Abu Jahl ibn Hisham, and punish Utbah bin Rabi'ah, Shaybah bin Rabi'ah, Uqbah ibn Abi Mu'ayt, and Umayyah ibn Khalaf or Ubayy ibn Khalaf, the doubt of Shu'bah.'"

Shu'bah said: "I saw them killed on the Day of Badr and thrown into the well, except that Ubayy ibn Khalaf or Umayyah ibn Khalaf was a corpulent man, so he was cut into pieces before reaching the well." [Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim]

Narration and Source

It was narrated by Abu Muhammad Janah ibn Nadhir, who was a judge in Kufa, that Ahmad related it with two chains of transmission, and the men in one of them are of the category of authentic narrators. [Mentioned by al-Haythami in Majma' al-Zawaid (8:228)].

Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) at the Kaaba

Narrated by Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Duhaim

Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Duhaim reported to us, who narrated from Ahmad ibn Hazim ibn Abi Gharza, who narrated from Ja'far ibn Awn al-Umari, who narrated from Sufyan ibn Saeed al-Thawri, from Abu Ishaq, from Amr ibn Maymun, from Abdullah, who said:

"The Prophet (PBUH) used to pray in the shade of the Kaaba when Abu Jahl and some people from Quraysh had slaughtered a camel in the vicinity of Mecca. They sent someone to bring its placenta and they threw it between the Prophet's shoulders. Then Fatimah came and removed it from him. As he turned away and he had shaken it off three times, he said: 'O Allah, against Quraish, three times: Against Abu Jahl ibn Hisham, and Uthbah bin Rabi'ah, and Shaybah bin Rabi'ah, and Walid bin Uthbah, and Umayyah bin Khalaf, and Uqbah bin Abi Mu'ayt.' Abdullah said: 'I later saw them lying (dead) at Badr.'"

Additional Narration

It was narrated by Bukhari and Muslim in their Sahih from Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah, from Ja'far ibn Awn. Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz reported to us, saying that Abu al-Walid Hassan ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Faqih narrated to us, who was informed by Abu Ahmad Ismail ibn Musa ibn Ibrahim al-Hasib, who reported from Abdullah ibn Umar ibn Aban, who narrated from Abdul Rahman ibn Suleiman, from Zakariya, from Abu Ishaq, from Amr ibn Maymun al-Awdi, from Abdullah who said:

"While the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) was praying near the Kaaba and Abu Jahl and his companions were sitting there, having slaughtered a camel the previous day, Abu Jahl asked: 'Which of you will bring the placenta of the she-camel to him?'"

The Story of a Mischievous Person and the Prophet Mohammed

Once, a mischievous person placed a dead lamb on the back of the Prophet Mohammed as he prostrated in prayer. When the Prophet raised his head, someone informed Fatimah, who came and removed it while scolding the offenders.

The Prophet's Response

The Prophet finished his prayer, raised his voice, and then prayed against the people responsible for this act. He specifically named several individuals and invoked God's punishment upon them.

Hadith Source

This incident is recorded in Sahih Muslim, narrated by Abdullah bin Umar.

Key Phrases

• "...placed it between his shoulders." - The act of placing the lamb on the Prophet's back while he was in prostration.
• "...raised his voice" - Showing the seriousness of the Prophet's prayer against the offenders.
• "...against you be the Quraysh" - The Prophet's specific supplication against certain individuals.

Account of Kabab:

Kabab narrated: "I was a man who worked as a blacksmith, and I had a debt owed by Al-A's bin Wail. I went to him to seek payment, but he said: 'By Allah, I will not settle your debt until you disbelieve in Muhammad.' I replied: 'By Allah, I will never disbelieve in him until you die and are resurrected.' He said: 'When I am resurrected, I will possess wealth and offspring, and then I will settle your debt.' Then Allah revealed: 'Have you seen the one who disbelieves in Our verses and says, "I will surely be given wealth and children"?' (Quran 77:36). This hadith was recorded authentically from another chain by Al-A'mash."

First Embracers of Islam:

Abdullah said: "The first to embrace Islam were seven: the Messenger of Allah, Abu Bakr, Ammar, his mother Sumayyah, Suhaib, Bilal, and Al-Miqdad. As for the Messenger of Allah, his uncle Abu Talib protected him from the disbelievers. Allah protected Abu Bakr from his people. The rest were taken by the polytheists, made to wear iron coats, and were exposed to the scorching sun until all of them agreed except Bilal, who endured severe torture for the sake of Allah."

The Story of Ammar and the Promise of Paradise

Once, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) passed by Ammar and his family while they were being tortured. Upon seeing this, the Prophet comforted them, saying, "Bear with patience, O family of Ammar or O family of Yasir, for your promised reward is Paradise."

The First Martyr in Islam

One of the narrators mentions that the first martyr in Islam was Um Ammar Sumayyah. She was killed by Abu Jahl with a spear in her stomach.

The Stories of Freedom

It is narrated that Abu Bakr freed seven individuals who were being tortured for the sake of Allah. One of them mentioned in the narration. This narration is considered authentic according to various scholars and historians.

References:

- Al-Mustadrak by Al-Hakim (3: 284)

- Hilyat al-Awliya by Abu Nu'aym (1: 149)

- Al-Mustadrak by Al-Hakim (3: 388)

- Majma' al-Zawa'id by Al-Haithami (9: 293)

The Story of Zuneirah

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
The story of Zuneirah goes as follows: Her sight was taken away for her refusal to denounce Islam despite being tortured for her faith. The polytheists claimed that her affliction had come from Lat and 'Uzza, to which she firmly denied by the will of Allah restoring her sight.

The Prophet's Encounter with Adversity

A narration from Khabbab recounts a time when he approached the Prophet Muhammad while he was leaning against the Kaaba under intense pressure from the polytheists. Khabbab requested the Prophet to pray for them, to which the Prophet mentioned the severe trials faced by believers before and assured him that Allah would perfect His religion until a traveler from Sana'a to Hadramaut would have no fear except of Allah.

References:

• Al-Bukhari in Sahih, narrated by Al-Humaidi.
• Other sources also mention similar narrations.

Source: Ibn Abd al-Barr, al-Isti'ab; ibn Hajar, al-Isabah.

The Prophet's Encounter with Abu Jahl and Abu Sufyan

Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz and Abu Bakr Al-Qadi informed us, saying: Abu Al-Abbas Muhammad ibn Ya'qub narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn Khalid informed us, saying: Ahmad ibn Khalid narrated to us that Isra'il reported from Abu Ishaq, who said: "The Prophet, peace be upon him, passed by Abu Jahl and Abu Sufyan while they were sitting. Abu Jahl said, 'This is your prophet, O sons of Abd Shams.' Abu Sufyan remarked, 'It surprises me that a prophet should arise from us when the prophet usually comes from those who are younger and humbler than us.' Abu Jahl further said, 'I am amazed that a young boy should emerge among elders as a prophet and Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), and people come to him.' So, as for you, O Abu Sufyan, you have shown no anger towards Allah and His Messenger, but you have safeguarded your lineage. And as for you, O Abu Al-Hakam, by Allah, you will laugh little and weep abundantly just as my nephew (referring to the Prophet) foretells.'"

Both statements are attributed to Isma'il, found in Tuhfat Al-Ashraf and Imam Ahmad in his Musnad, mentioned by Ibn Kathir in Al-Bidaya wa'l-Nihaya, who stated, "Al-Bukhari included this narration while Muslim did not." This narration was reported by Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir in Al-Bidaya wa'l-Nihaya from the author, who remarked, "The authenticity of this narration is unique." The conclusion of this account is from the manuscript referenced by the symbol (M). Please refer to the description of the manuscript in the introduction of the book in Volume One.