Chapter: Return of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) to Al-Ji'ranah, Division of Booty, and Distribution of the Spoils, and What the Ansar Said About That

Abu 'Abdullah Al-Hafiz informed us, saying: Abu Al-'Abbas Ibn Ya'qub narrated to us, saying: Ahmad Ibn 'Abd Al-Jabbar informed us, saying: Yunus narrated to us from Ibn Ishaq, saying: Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) set out on Dhu-Hunna until he reached Al-Ji'ranah with the people and with him were spoils of war of six thousand Hawazin from men, women, camels, and sheep, their exact number unknown.

Abu 'Abdullah Al-Hafiz reported to us, saying: Abu Al-'Abbas Muhammad Ibn Ya'qub narrated to us, saying: Yahya Ibn Muhammad informed us, saying: 'Ubaydullah Ibn Mu'adh Al-Anbari narrated to us, saying: Mu'tamir Ibn Sulaiman informed us. Abu Al-Fadl Ibn Ibrahim reported to me, saying: Ahmad Ibn Salamah narrated to us, saying: Abu Salamah Yahya Ibn Khalaf Al-Bahili informed us that he heard from Mu'tamir Ibn Sulaiman from his father that Al-Sumayt narrated from Anas Ibn Malik, saying: "We conquered Makkah and then we waged war against Hunayn. The polytheists came with their best formations."

The Prophet Muhammad's Leadership in Battle

Observing the Military Formation

Upon seeing the ranks of the horses, then the ranks of the fighters, followed by the ranks of the women, and behind them, the ranks of the sheep and the camels. The narrator remarks that humans, numbering around six thousand (presumably referring to the Ansar), were also present.

The Role of Khalid bin Walid

It is mentioned that Khalid bin Walid was positioned on the side of our horses. The horses began to draw behind our backs, and shortly thereafter, our horses were exposed, causing the Bedouins to flee.

The Prophet's Call

At this moment, the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, called out to the Muhajirun, then called out to the Ansar, repeating each group's name.

Implications of the Narration

The narrator identifies this account as a narration from a 'Umariyyah. The Prophet Muhammad's arrival spurred the defeat of the enemies. The term "Mujannabah" is used for the formation of horses on the road, with two sides known as Maimanah and Maysarah.

Exploring Linguistic Nuances

The use of "Yaal" before addressing the Muhajirun and Ansar is a form of addressing groups in Arabic, implying a call for attention or announcing a forthcoming message. The term "‘Iimية" is analyzed in various aspects, shedding light on different linguistic interpretations.

Translation of Classical Arabic Text

Allāh [taʿālá] said: We took possession of that wealth, then we went to Ṭāʾif, laid siege to them for forty nights, then returned to Mecca and stayed there. The Messenger of Allāh, may the blessings and peace of Allāh be upon him, gave one hundred camels to one man and another one hundred to another man, so the Ansār spoke among themselves, saying: As for those who fought with him, he gives to them, but as for those who did not fight, he does not give to them? The narrative was then conveyed to the Messenger of Allāh, may the blessings and peace of Allāh be upon him. He ordered the armies of the Emigrants and the Ansār to come see him, and said: None shall enter except my Ansār, or he said: None but the Ansār shall enter. So we entered the tent until it was full. O Ansār, said he, three times, or as he said, what sort of conversation came to me? They replied: Allāh's Messenger, whatever is there with you? He asked: Would you be happy that people take wealth while you take me to your homes? They said: We are pleased, O Messenger of Allāh. The Messenger of Allāh, may the blessings and peace of Allāh be upon him, then said: If the people would take one path and the Ansār would take another path, I would surely take the path of the Ansār. They said: We are pleased, O Messenger of Allāh. He then said: So be pleased as I am pleased, or as he said. This narration is related by al-Bāhilī reported by Muslim in Sahih, narrated by ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Muʿādh and others. Abū al-Qāsim Zayd ibn Abī Hāshim al-ʿAlawi from Kufa informed us, narrated by Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Duhaym, narrated by Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Abī al-Ḥunayn, narrated by ʿAlī ibn al-Madīniyy, narrated by Azhar ibn Saʿd as-Sammān, narrated by Ibn ʿAwn, narrated by Hishām ibn Zayd. Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad al-Muqriʾ informed us, narrated by al-Ḥasan ibn [7] az-Ziyādah. [8] Additional from Sahih Muslim. [9] Compiled by Muslim in: Book of Zakah (46), Chapter Giving the Affluent People, Hadith (136) by ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Muʿādh, pp. (2: 736-737). [10] Changed to "Ibn ʿAuf" in Ḥ. [11] From Ḥ.

Translation of Classical Arabic Text

Isnad (Chain of Narration)

It was narrated by Muhammad ibn Ishaq who said: Yunus ibn Ya'qub al-Qadi informed us, he said: Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr (H) narrated to us. Abu 'Amr al-Bistami informed us, he said: Abu Bakr al-Isma'ili narrated to us, he said: Abu Ya'la al-Mawsili informed us, he said: Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn 'Ar'ara narrated to us, he said: Mu'adh ibn Mu'adh informed us, he said: Ibn 'Awn narrated from Hisham ibn Zaid, from Anas ibn Malik, he said:

Events of the Day of Hunayn

On the day of Hunayn, the Hawazin, Ghatfan, and others came with their wealth and livestock, and indeed, with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) that day were ten thousand (12) and accompanying him were the emancipated slaves. They retreated from him until he was left alone, then he called out that day with a call in which nothing was mixed:

He turned to his right and said: "O Ansar!" They replied: "Here we are, O Messenger of Allah! Give us glad tidings, we are with you." He turned to his left and said: "O Ansar!" They replied: "Here we are, O Messenger of Allah! Give us glad tidings, we are with you." The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was on a white mule.

The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) descended and said: "I am the servant of Allah and His Messenger", so the polytheists were defeated. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) obtained abundant spoils that day, which he distributed among the Muhajirun and the emancipated slaves, but did not give anything to the Ansar.

The Ansar said: "When the hardship comes, we are called and the spoils are given to others. Upon hearing this, the Prophet (peace be upon him) gathered them in a tent and said: "O Ansar, what talk reached me about you which made you silent?" They replied: "O Messenger of Allah, are you pleased that people take gold and we take the Messenger of Allah?"

The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) then asked: "Are you satisfied that people take gold while you take the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) to your homes?" They replied: "Yes, O Messenger of Allah, we are pleased." The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "If the people passed through a valley and the Ansar traversed a mountain trail, I would traverse the mountain trail of the Ansar."

Hadith Narration about the Ansar's Response

When the Ansar said, "O Messenger of Allah, when Allah blessed us with wealth from the Hawazin spoils, he gave a hundred camels to the men of Quraysh while leaving us with our swords dripping with their blood!" The Prophet (peace be upon him) was informed of their statement and summoned the Ansar to address their concerns. He gathered them under a dome made of adobe, excluding everyone but them. When they assembled, the Prophet (peace be upon him) said, "What is this news that has reached me about you?" Their scholars remained silent while the younger ones spoke, expressing their grievance. The Prophet (peace be upon him) responded, highlighting the fairness of his actions.

Hadith Information

• Narrated by Abu Sa'id Muhammad ibn Musa ibn al-Fadl through a chain of narrators
• Reported by Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Muzani, Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Isa, Abu al-Yaman, Shu'ayb, and al-Zuhri

Reference: Sahih al-Bukhari 64, Book of Military Expeditions, Chapter: Ghazwat at-Ta'if; Sahih Muslim 12, Book of Zakat, Chapter: Giving the Believers Their Share of the Spoils, Hadith 135.

Prophet Muhammad's Advice to His Companions

"I pledge allegiance to men who have harbored disbelief. Would you not be pleased that people keep their wealth while you return to your tents with the Messenger of Allah? By Allah, you will not turn with him for anything better than what you turn without him." They said, "O Messenger of Allah! We are pleased." The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said to them, "You will face severe trials after me. So, be patient until you meet Allah and His Messenger at the pond." Anas said, "We could not be patient." (Reported by al-Bukhari)

Background Story

On the day of Hunayn, Prophet Muhammad distributed the spoils among the new Muslims from Quraysh and others but left nothing for the Ansar. This grieved some Ansar deeply, to the point where one of them said, 'By Allah, the Messenger of Allah met his people, and Sa'd ibn Ubada went to him and said, 'O Messenger of Allah, this tribe of Ansar have found it difficult about you in their hearts.' The Prophet asked, 'Why?' He replied, 'About their share of this distribution from you.' (Reported by al-Bukhari and Muslim)

The Gathering in the Enclosure

In the days when the spoils were abundant among his people and all the Arabs, and no one else had a share in it, the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said, "Where are you in this, O Sa'd?" Sa'd replied, "I am just a man from my people, that's all." The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, then said, "Gather your people in this enclosure (19) and inform me when they have gathered." Sa'd went out and called his people, gathering them in the enclosure. Some migrants were allowed in, while others were turned away until none of the Ansar was left outside. Sa'd then informed the Prophet that all the Ansar had gathered, as he was ordered to do so. The Prophet, peace be upon him, then stood among them and praised Allah before addressing them.

The Mutual Support

He addressed the Ansar saying, "O people of the Ansar, did I not find you misguided and Allah guided you, poor and Allah enriched you, and adversaries while Allah reconciled your hearts?" They replied, "Indeed." The Prophet then said, "Will you not then answer me, O people of the Ansar? What will you say and with what will you answer?" They replied, "The favor is from Allah and His Messenger." The Prophet continued, "By Allah, if you wanted, you could have said, 'You came to us as a fugitive, and we sheltered you, as a family and we assisted you, as a fearful one and we protected you, and as one rejected and we supported you.' They replied, 'The favor is from Allah and His Messenger.'

The Request for Acceptance

He further said, "O people of the Ansar, did you not find in yourselves a dislike of the world, and Allah made you pleased, a division of the people to invite to Islam, and I entrusted you with what Allah had decreed for you of Islam? Are you not pleased that people go to their land with sheep and camels while you go with the Messenger of Allah to your homes? By Him in Whose hand is my soul, if the people took a path while the Ansar took another, I would take the path of the Ansar. If not for the Hijra, I would be one of"

Translation of the Passage

The Ansar [21]. O Allah, have mercy on the Ansar, their children, and the children of their children." So the people wept until their beards were stained with tears [22]. They said: "We are content with Allah and His Messenger as our portion." Then they departed and dispersed [23]. Abu Abdullah Al-Hafith informed us, saying: Abu Al-Fadl ibn Ibrahim reported to us, saying: Ahmed ibn Salamah narrated to us, saying: Ibn Abi Umar told us, saying: Sufyan narrated to us (H). And Ali ibn Ahmed ibn Abdan reported to us, saying: Ahmed ibn Ubayd As-Saffar narrated to us, saying: Mu'adh ibn Al-Muthanna told us, saying: Ibrahim ibn Bashshar informed us, saying: Sufyan ibn Uyaynah narrated to us, from Umar ibn Said, meaning Ibn Masruq, from his father, from Abayat ibn Rifa'ah ibn Rafi ibn Khadij, from Rafi ibn Khadij, that the Prophet (peace be upon him) gave the Ansar the spoils of Hunayn, each man amongst them received one hundred camels. He gave one hundred to Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, and he gave one hundred to Safwan ibn Umayyah, both of them being Quraysh. He gave one hundred to Uyaynah ibn Husayn, and he gave one hundred to Al-Aqra' ibn Habis. And he gave one hundred to Malik ibn Awf An-Nasri, and he gave one hundred to Al-'Abbas ibn [21] his saying, "If I were not a Muhajir, I would have been one of the Ansar." Al-Khattabi said: This statement is intended to honor the Ansar, win their hearts, and praise them in their religion, such that he was content to be counted among them, were it not for what prevented him from migration, a duty not to be substituted. Human lineage is based on four factors: birth, belief, nationality, and profession. Undoubtedly, he did not intend to change his lineage, as it is inherently fixed. As for his beliefs, there is no sense in changing them. Only the last two factors remain. Medina was the home of the Ansar, and migration to it was obligatory. Thus, had it not been for the migratory affiliation preventing me, I would have joined your home. Al-Qurtubi said: It means to be named after you and belong to you because they were connected through oaths. However, the specificity of migration and its order prevailed and prevented anything else, as it was more honorable and noble, and should not be exchanged for anything else.

[22] They wept until their beards were stained with tears [23]. Narrated by Ibn Hisham in As-Seerah (4:114) [24]. Not mentioned in (H), confirmed in (A) and (K).

Translation of Classical Arabic Text

Al-Abbas ibn Mirdas said: "My companions and I used to raid and capture slaves between 'Uyaynah and Al-Aqra. There was no fortress or barrier that could match Mirdas in terms of bravery and skill in combat. I was in war, defending our land, yet I received nothing in return and did not prevent anyone from their share. I was not inferior to any of them. This narration is from Ibrahim, without mentioning Ibn Abi 'Umar, the third house, Malik ibn 'Auf, or 'Alqamah ibn 'Ulaythah." The messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) completed one hundred shares for him. This was narrated by Muslim in Al-Sahih from Abu 'Umar.

Abu 'Abdullah Al-Hafiz said: "Narrated to us Jafar Al-Baghdadi, who narrated to us Abu Ulatha Muhammad ibn 'Amr ibn Khalid, who narrated to us his father, who narrated to us Ibn Lahi'ah, from Abu Al-Aswad, from 'Urwah ibn Az-Zubayr." And narrated to us Abu Al-Husayn ibn Al-Fadl Al-Qattaan, who narrated to us Abu Bakr ibn 'Attab Al-'Abdi, who narrated to us Al-Qasim ibn Abdullah ibn Al-Mughirah, who narrated to us Ibn Abi Uways, who narrated to us Isma'il ibn Ibrahim ibn 'Uqbah, from his uncle Musa ibn 'Uqbah, saying: "This is the wording of the narration of Musa ibn 'Uqbah: Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) distributed the spoils of war, or whatever Allah willed from them, in abundance to the people of Makkah of the Quraysh tribe. He distributed generously to them, and also to others, from the spoils."

Translation of Classical Arabic Text

The Event at Hunayn

Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) set out for Hunayn to meet with the tribe, offering lavish gifts such as a hundred camels to one person and a thousand sheep to another. However, he allocated a large portion of the distributions away from his companions, causing discomfort among the Ansar. They felt aggrieved and expressed their concerns, stating their loyalty despite being overlooked in favor of others. Upon hearing this, the Prophet (peace be upon him) addressed them, emphasizing the importance of unity and faith. He reminded them of the significance of embracing Islam wholeheartedly, despite any material sacrifices.

The Loyalty of the Ansar

The Ansar, moved by his words, wept and professed their unwavering belief in Allah and His Messenger. They acknowledged the guidance and protection provided by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in times of darkness and danger. They expressed their contentment with Allah as their Lord, Islam as their religion, and Muhammad as their Messenger, pledging their loyalty and obedience to him unconditionally.

The Gratitude of the Prophet

In response to their heartfelt declaration of loyalty and love, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) expressed his gratitude and recognition of their steadfastness and sincerity. He praised their faith, stating that their support and trust in him were proof of their honesty and reliability. The Ansar reaffirmed their commitment to Islam and the Prophet, expressing gratitude for the guidance and protection provided by Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

Reflections of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)

There was an abundance of their weeping, and the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) wept with them. They were those who, upon hearing the words of the Prophet (PBUH), found their eyes overflowing with tears and were more envious of wealth than others.

Observations of Abbas ibn Mirdas

Abbas ibn Mirdas al-Sulami, when he saw the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) distributing spoils abundantly, remarked on the Prophet's generosity. Abbas witnessed a sight he never saw before, an act that reflects the Prophet's noble character.

Verse Interpretation

1. It was my first time encountering such humility
2. Waking others from their slumber, I remained unawake
3. My plunder was shared between 'Uyaynah and al-Aqr'a
4. Though in combat, I neither took nor restrained anything
5. Except for a few camels granted, with four bell-laden she-camels
6. There was no fort or barrier surpassing my two companions in battle
7. I was not inferior to either of them

Dialogue with Abu Bakr al-Siddiq

Upon hearing these recountings, the Prophet (PBUH) addressed the speaker and acknowledged his observations. Abu Bakr al-Siddiq commented on the speaker's account with emphasis, highlighting the nuances in their understanding.

Prophet Muhammad's Wise Response

In this hadith, Abu Bakr asked the Prophet Muhammad if he should start his poem with Al-Aqra' or 'Uyaynah. The Prophet advised to begin with either, showing they are equal and it doesn't matter which is chosen. When the Prophet emphasized to cut off the poet's tongue with a piece of flesh from sheep or camel, Abu 'Arathah clarified that Abu 'Ubayd's horse was exceptional.

The Generosity of the Prophet's Companions

The hadith narrates the generous offerings by the Prophet's companions, mentioning individuals from Quraish and other Arab tribes. Notably, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb donated a hundred camels, while his son Mu'awiyah received a hundred camels as well. Additionally, other tribes like Banu Asad, Banu 'Abd al-Dar, Banu Zuhrah, Banu Makhzum, and Banu Nawfal ibn 'Abd Manaf displayed their generosity by giving camels and horses to the Prophet Muhammad.

Granting Gifts and Livestock

Prophet Muhammad ﷺ granted less than a hundred men from the Quraysh tribe: Makhrima ibn Nawfal ibn Uhayb al-Zuhri, Umayr ibn Wahb al-Jumahi, and Hisham ibn Amr, the brother of Banu Umayr ibn Lu'ay. He gifted them a number below one hundred, the exact count of which he did not recall. Additionally, he gifted fifty camels to Sa'id ibn Yarbua ibn 'Amir ibn Makhzum, and fifty camels to Qays ibn 'Adi al-Sahmi.

Abbas ibn Mirdas, also known as Abu 'Urayrah, was given a gift which he rejected, prompting the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to rebuke him. The Prophet recited verses, and when Abbas was remorseful, he commanded, "Go and cut off his tongue." It was cut until he was content, thus silencing him.

It was narrated by Ibn Ishaq, through Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn al-Harith at-Taymi, that the Prophet ﷺ was asked why he offered 'Uyaynah ibn Husn and al-Aqr' ibn Habis each a hundred camels but left out Ju'ayl ibn Suraqah ad-Damri. The Prophet replied that Ju'ayl ibn Suraqah was better in the sight of Allah than 'Uyaynah and al-Aqr' combined. However, he chose to grant them both for them to embrace Islam, and he entrusted Ju'ayl to adhere to Islam.