Book: Dalail an-Nubuwwah by Bayhaqi

باب سبب تسمية غزوة تبوك بالعسرة وما ظهر بدعاء النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في بقية الأزواد وفي الماء وإخباره عن قول المنافقين [١] في غيبته ثم بموضع ناقته من آثار النبوة.

Chapter: Chapter on the reason for naming the Battle of Tabuk as 'The Hardship' and what appeared in the Prophet's prayer, peace be upon him, for the remaining provisions and water, and his knowledge about the hypocrites' [1] statements during his absence, then about the place of his she-camel as signs of prophecy.

Volume: 5 (Page:227)

English:

The Naming of the Battle of Tabuk due to Difficulties and the Prophet's Supplication

The reason behind naming the Battle of Tabuk as such due to hardships that were apparent in the supplication of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) regarding the remaining provisions, water, and the discourse of the hypocrites during his absence. This is elaborated upon further in the context of where his camel stood from the traces of prophethood.

Transmission of the Hadith

Abu al-Husayn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Bishran in Baghdad narrated from Abu Amr ibn al-Sammak that Hanbal ibn Ishaq narrated from Abu Abdullah, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, who narrated from Abdul Razzaq, who heard from Ma'mar, who heard from Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Aqil ibn Abi Talib regarding the verse: "Those who followed him during a time of difficulty." (Quran 9:117)

Events of the Battle

During the Battle of Tabuk, two or three men rode a camel in extreme heat, suffering from intense thirst. They slaughtered their camels to drink their milk and water, facing difficulty in finding sustenance. This ordeal was marked by a scarcity of water, expenditure, and provisions.

Notes:

  1. In some sources, the term "monafiq" is used instead of "munafiqeen."
  2. Additional information from the source "H" is also present.
  3. Refer to Surah At-Tawbah, verse 117.
  4. Al-Qurtubi explained that the term "hour/moment of difficulty" in Quran 8:278 refers to the hardships experienced during the Battle of Tabuk, encompassing various challenges faced by the Muslims.

Arabic:

بَابُ سَبَبِ تَسْمِيَةِ غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ بِالْعُسْرَةِ وَمَا ظَهَرَ بِدُعَاءِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي بَقِيَّةِ الْأَزْوَادِ وَفِي الْمَاءِ وَإِخْبَارِهِ عَنْ قَوْلِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ [ (١) ] فِي غَيْبَتِهِ ثُمَّ بِمَوْضِعِ نَاقَتِهِ مِنْ آثَارِ النُّبُوَّةِ.أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ: عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ بِبَغْدَادَ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ السَّمَّاكِ، قَالَ [حَدَّثَنَا] [ (٢) ] حَنْبَلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ، وَهُوَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، فِي قَوْلِهِ- عَزَّ وَجَلَّ- (الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ فِي ساعَةِ الْعُسْرَةِ) [ (٣) ] قَالَ: خَرَجُوا فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ: الرَّجُلَانِ وَالثَّلَاثَةُ عَلَى بَعِيرٍ، وَخَرَجُوا فِي حَرٍّ شَدِيدٍ فَأَصَابَهُمْ يَوْمًا عَطَشٌ حَتَّى جَعَلُوا يَنْحَرُونَ إِبِلَهُمْ ليعصروا أكراشها، ويشربوها مَاءَهَا، فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عُسْرَةً مِنَ الْمَاءِ، وَعُسْرَةً مِنَ النَّفَقَةِ، وَعُسْرَةً مِنَ الظَّهِيرِ [ (٤) ] .[ (١) ] في (أ) : «المنافق» .[ (٢) ] الزيادة من (ح) .[ (٣) ] [التوبة- ١١٧] .[ (٤) ] وقال القرطبي في تفسير هذه الآية (٨: ٢٧٨) قوله تعالى: (الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ فِي ساعَةِ الْعُسْرَةِ) أي في وقت العسرة، والمراد جميع أوقات تلك الغزاة ولم يرد ساعة بعينها. وقيل: ساعة العسرة أشدّ الساعات التي مرت بهم في تلك الغزاة. والعسرة صعوبة الأمر. قال جابر: اجتمع عليهم عسرة الظّهر وعسرة الزاد وعسرة الماء. قال الحسن: كانت العسرة من المسلمين يخرجون على بعير يعتقبونه بينهم، وكان زادهم التمر المتسوس والشعير المتغير والإهالة المنتنة، وكان النّفر يخرجون ما معهم- إلا التمرات- بينهم، فإذا بلغ الجوع من أحدهم أخذ التمرة فلاكها حتى يجد طعمها، ثم يعطيها صاحبه حتى يشرب عليها جرعة من ماء كذلك حتى تأتي على آخرهم، فلا يبقى من التمرة

Volume: 5 (Page:228)

English:

Translation of Classical Arabic Text

Abu Abdullah Al-Hafidh informed us, saying:
Abu Ali Al-Hafidh told us, saying:
Abu Ya'la Al-Mawsili and Ibrahim ibn Ishaq Al-Anmati said: We were informed by Abu Bakr ibn Abi Nadir, who said: We were told by Abu Nadir, Hashim ibn Al-Qasim said:
"'Ubaydullah said, except Al-Nawwa, they accompanied the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, on account of their honesty and certainty, may Allah be pleased with them. 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, was asked about the hour of hardship. We set out during intense heat and took rest where we experienced extreme thirst to the point we thought our necks would sever due to thirst. A man would slaughter his camel, squeezing its dung to drink and using what was left of its liver. Abu Bakr said, 'O Messenger of Allah, Allah has accustomed you to supplicate for goodness, so pray for us.' He asked, 'Do you desire that?' He replied, 'Yes,' and he raised his hands, not putting them down until the sky was covered in clouds and it poured rain, filling everything they had. We looked, but the rain did not pass beyond the camp.

Abu Huraira and Abu Said narrated: We were with the Prophet, peace be upon him, during the Tabuk expedition when people suffered from famine and said, 'O Messenger of Allah, if you allow us, we will slaughter our camels, eat their meat, and use their fat.' The Prophet, peace be upon him, said, 'Do it.' Then 'Umar came and said, 'O Messenger of Allah, if they do so, the camels will be scarce. Instead, pray to Allah to bless their provisions, for perhaps Allah will place blessings in it.' The Prophet responded, 'Certainly.' He prayed for a bowl, and it expanded. Then he prayed for the blessing of the provisions, so a man brought a handful of wheat, another a handful of dates, and another some flour, and collectively, a small amount was gathered. Abu Huraira said, 'I guessed its volume to be the size of a goat's udder.' The Prophet, peace be upon him, prayed for blessings and said, 'Take your containers,' and they filled them until, by Him in Whose hand is my soul, nothing was left in the camp without being filled, and the people ate until full, with leftovers. The Prophet, peace be upon him, declared, 'I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I am the Messenger of Allah. A servant who affirms this firmly will not be kept away from paradise.'

Muslim reported in his Sahih with the wording and meaning. Praise be to Allah. Ibn 'Arfa stated: The Tabuk expedition was named the Expedition of Hardship because the Prophet, peace be upon him, called people to warfare during the extreme heat, causing hardship. The example of the expedition was named this way because the Prophet, peace be upon him, had not led a larger army before, as at Badr they were three hundred and some, at Uhud seven hundred, at Khaybar one thousand five hundred, at the Conquest of Mecca ten thousand, and at Hunayn twelve thousand. His army at the Tabuk expedition was over thirty thousand, marking the conclusion of his expeditions. The Prophet, peace be upon him, set out in Rajab and stayed in Tabuk through Sha'ban and some days of Ramadan, appointing leaders and delegating people to collect Jizya. During this expedition, Ali was left in charge of Medina. The hypocrites alleged that he was left due to ill will, so he went to the Prophet, may peace be upon him, who said to him, 'Do you not wish to be to me as Aaron was to Moses?' Indicating that his staying behind at the Prophet's command equaled the reward of going out with him since obedience to the Prophet is equivalent to obeying the Lawgiver.

The expedition was named the Tabuk expedition because the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, saw some of his companions scooping water in Tabuk by loosening the dirt for it to flow, and he said, 'You keep scooping it continually,' and thus the expedition was named the Tabuk expedition. 'Al-Hasy' means what the ground doesn't dry from sand, and when it hardens, it's clung to, and the sand is scooped so the water can be drawn out, which is the scooping, as stated by Al-Jawhari.

Arabic:

أخبرنا أبو عبد الله الْحَافِظُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، قَالَ: أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو يَعْلَى الْمَوْصِلِيُّ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْأَنْمَاطِيُّ، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ: هَاشِمُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ[ () ] إلا النواة، فمضوا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عليه وسلم على صدقهم ويقينهم رضي الله عنهم.وَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عنه وقد سئل عن ساعة العسرة: خرجنا فِي قَيْظٍ شَدِيدٍ فَنَزَلْنَا مَنْزِلًا أَصَابَنَا فِيهِ عَطَشٌ شديد حَتَّى ظَنَنَّا أَنَّ رِقَابَنَا ستنقطع من العطش، وحتى أن الرَّجُلُ لَيَنْحَرُ بَعِيرَهُ فَيَعْصِرُ فرثه فيشربه ويجعل ما بقي على كبده.فقال أبو بكر: يا رسول الله، إن الله قد عوّدك في الدعاء خيرا فادع لنا. قال: «أتحب ذلك» ؟قال: نعم، فرفع يديه فلم يرجعهما حتى أظلت السماء ثم سكبت فملاؤا ما معهم، ثم ذهبنا ننظر فلم نجدها جاوزت العسكر.وروى أبو هريرة وأبو سعيد قالا: كنا مع النبيّ صلّى الله عليه وسلم في غزوة تبوك فأصاب النّاس مجاعة وقالوا: يا رسول الله، لو أذنت لنا فنحرنا نواضحنا فأكلنا وادّهنا. [فقال رسول الله صلّى الله عليه وسلم: «افعلوا» ] ، فجاء عمر وقال: يا رسول الله إن فعلوا قلّ الظّهر، ولكن أدعهم بفضل أزوادهم فادع الله عليها بالبركة لعل الله أن يجعل في ذلك [البركة] . قال: «نعم» ثم دعا بنطع، فبسط، ثم دعا بفضل الأزواد، فجعل الرجل يجيء بكف ذرة، ويجيء الآخر بكف تمر، ويجيء الآخر بكسرة حتى اجتمع على النطع من ذلك شيء يسير. قال أبو هريرة: فحزرته فإذا هو قدر ربضة العنز، فدعا رسول الله صلّى الله عليه وسلم بالبركة. ثم قال: «خذوا في أوعيتكم» فأخذوا في أوعيتهم حتى- والذي لا إله إلا هو- ما بقي في العسكر وعاء إلا ملأوه، وأكل القوم حتى شبعوا، وفضلت فضلة فقال النبي صلّى الله عليه وسلم: «أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأني رسول الله لا يلقى الله بهما عبد غير شاكّ فيهما فيحجب عن الجنة» . خرّجه مسلم في صحيحه بلفظه ومعناه،والحمد لله، وقال ابن عرفة: سمّي جيش تبوك جيش العسرة لأن رسول الله صلّى الله عليه وسلم ندب الناس إلى الغزو في حمارة القيظ، فغلظ عليهم وعسر، وكان إبّان ابتياع الثمرة. قال: وإنما ضرب المثل بجيش العسرة لأن رسول الله صلّى الله عليه وسلم لم يغز قبله في عدد مثله، لأن أصحابه يوم بدر كانوا ثلاثمائة وبضعة عشر، ويوم أحد سبعمائة، ويوم خيبر ألفا وخمسائة، ويوم الفتح عشرة آلاف، ويوم حنين اثني عشر ألفا، وكان جيشه في غزوة تبوك ثلاثين ألفا وزيادة، وهي آخر مغازيه [صلّى الله عليه وسلم] . وخرج رسول الله صلّى الله عليه وسلم في رجب وأقام بتبوك شعبان وأياما من رمضان، وبث سراياه وصالح أقواما على الجزية.وفي هذه الغزاة خلّف عليّا على المدينة فقال المنافقون: خلّفه بغضا له، فخرج خلف النبيّ صلّى الله عليه وسلم وأخبره، فقال عليه السّلام: «أما ترضى أن تكون مني بمنزلة هارون من موسى»وبيّن أن قعوده بأمره عليه السّلام يوازي في الأجر خروجه معه، لأن المدار على أمر الشارع.وإنما قيل لها: غزوة تبوك لأن النبيّ صلّى الله عليه وسلم رأى قوما من أصحابه يبوكون حسي تبوك، أي يدخلون فيه القدح ويحركونه ليخرج الماء، فقال: «ما زلتم تبوكونها بوكا» فسمّيت تلك الغزوة غزوة تبوك.الحسي (بالكسر) ما تنشّفه الأرض من الرمل، فإذا صار إلى صلابة أمسكته، فتحفر عنه الرمل فتستخرجه، وهو الاحتساء، قاله الجوهري.

Volume: 5 (Page:229)

English:

Hadith on Sharing Food in Times of Hardship

It was narrated by Abu Hurairah that during a journey with the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), the supplies of the people ran out until one of them was preparing to slaughter some of their camels. Upon seeing this, Umar ibn Al-Khattab suggested to the Prophet to gather what was left of the provisions of the people and invoke Allah's blessings upon them. The Prophet did so, and the people were able to replenish their supplies.

Witnessing the Shahadah

At that moment, a man proclaimed: "I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His messenger." The Prophet stated that anyone who sincerely affirms these two beliefs shall enter Paradise.

Hadith on Providing Food in Times of Famine

During the expedition to Tabuk, when the people were struck by famine, they requested the Prophet's permission to slaughter their livestock for food and nourishment. The Prophet granted them permission, and Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) expressed his concern about the scarcity of food if they were to slaughter their livestock.

Note: In the context of the Hadith, "hamailihim" refers to the camels that bear their loads.

Source: Sahih Muslim, Book of Faith, Chapter on the indication that one who dies upon monotheism will enter Paradise definitely, Hadith (44), pp. 55-56.

Arabic:

الْأَشْجَعِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ مِغْوَلٍ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسلم فِي مَسِيرٍ فَنَفِدَتْ أَزْوَادُ الْقَوْمِ حَتَّى هَمَّ أَحَدُهُمْ بِنَحْرِ بَعْضِ حَمَائِلِهِمْ [ (٥) ] ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ لَوْ جَمَعْتَ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ أَزْوَادِ الْقَوْمِ، فَدَعَوْتَ اللهَ عَلَيْهَا. قَالَ فَفَعَلَ. قَالَ: فَجَاءَ ذُو الْبُرِّ بِبُرِّهِ، وَذُو التَّمْرِ بِتَمْرِهِ، قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: وَذُو النَّوَى بِالنَّوَى. قَالَ: وَمَا كَانُوا يَصْنَعُونَ بِالنَّوَى؟ قَالَ يَمُصُّونَهُ وَيَشْرَبُونَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمَاءِ، قَالَ: فَدَعَا عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى مَلَأَ الْقَوْمُ أَزْوِدَتَهُمْ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ: أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللهِ لَا يَلْقَى اللهَ بِهِمَا عَبْدٌ غَيْرَ شَاكٍّ فِيهِمَا إِلَّا دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةُ.رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ النَّضْرِ [ (٦) ] .وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ زَيْدَانَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَوْ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ شَكَّ الْأَعْمَشُ- قَالَ: لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ أَصَابَ النَّاسَ مَجَاعَةٌ، فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ! لَوْ أَذِنْتَ لَنَا فَنَحَرْنَا نَوَاضِحَنَا [ (٧) ] فَأَكَلْنَا وَادَّهَنَّا [ (٨) ] ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ:افْعَلُوا فَجَاءَ عُمَرُ- رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ- فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ! إِنْ فَعَلْتَ قَلَّ الظَّهْرُ [ (٩) ][ (٥) ] (حمائلهم) جمع حمولة، وهي الإبل التي تحمل.[ (٦) ] مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بن النضر، في: ١- كتاب الإيمان (١٠) بَابُ الدَّلِيلِ عَلَى أَنَّ من مات على التوحيد دخل الجنة قطعا، الحديث (٤٤) ، ص (١: ٥٥- ٥٦) .[ (٧) ] (نواضحنا) النواضح من الإبل، التي يستقى عليها. قال أبو عبيد: الذكر منها ناضح، والأنثى ناضحة.[ (٨) ] (وادّهنا) قال صاحب التحرير: قوله وادهنّا ليس مقصوده ما هو المعروف من الادّهان. وإنما معناه اتخذنا دهنا من شحومها.[ (٩) ] (الظهر) المراد بالظهر هنا الدوابّ. سميت ظهرا لكونها يركب على ظهرها. أو لكونها يستظهر بها ويستعان على السفر.

Volume: 5 (Page:230)

English:

Translation of a Classical Arabic Text

Invoke their sustenance by their needs, and supplicate to God for them to be blessed in it. Perhaps God, Exalted and Glorious, will place merit in that. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, agreed. He then called for a piece of cloth and spread it out. Then he called for their provisions and a man brought a handful of wheat, another brought a handful of dates, and another brought a handful of raisins, until a small quantity accumulated on the cloth. The Messenger of Allah invoked for blessings and then told them: "Take from your vessels." So, they filled their vessels until there was not a container left in the whole camp that was not filled. They ate until they were full, with some leftovers. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I am the Messenger of Allah. No servant meets Allah affirming these two without doubting, but he will be forbidden from entering Paradise." It was narrated by Muslim in the Saheeh from Abu Kurayb and also narrated from Suhayl ibn Saleh from Al-A'mash from Abu Salih from Abu Huraira with certainty that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, was in battles that he fought.

It was also narrated by Asim ibn Ubayd Allah from his father from his grandmother Umar ibn Al-Khattab, who said: "In the Tabuk Expedition."

It was also narrated by Abdur-Rahman ibn Abi Amrah Al-Ansari from his father, who said: "We were with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, in an expedition."

It was also narrated by Abu Hubaysh Al-Ghifari, who said: "I joined the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, in the Tihamah Expedition. When we reached Usfan, he mentioned this story and then called for departure."

Arabic:

وَلَكِنِ ادْعُهُمْ بِفَضْلِ أَزْوَادِهِمْ وَادْعُ اللهَ لَهُمْ فِيهَا بِالْبَرَكَةِ لَعَلَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ فِي ذَلِكَ [ (١٠) ] ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَعَمْ، فَدَعَا بِنِطْعٍ [ (١١) ] فَبَسَطَهُ، ثُمَّ دَعَا بِفَضْلِ أَزْوَادِهِمْ فَجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يَأْتِي بِكَفِّ ذُرَةٍ، وَيَجِيءُ الْآخَرُ بِكَفِّ تَمْرٍ، وَيَجِيءُ الْآخَرُ بِكِسْرَةٍ، حَتَّى اجْتَمَعَ عَلَى النِّطْعِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ يَسِيرٌ، فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللهِ بِالْبَرَكَةِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمْ: خُذُوا فِي أَوْعِيَتِكُمْ، فَأَخَذُوا فِي أَوْعِيَتِهِمْ حَتَّى مَا تَرَكُوا فِي الْعَسْكَرِ وِعَاءً إِلَّا ملأوه، فَأَكَلُوا حَتَّى شَبِعُوا، وَفَضَلَتْ فَضْلَةٌ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللهِ، لَا يَلْقَى اللهَ بِهِمَا عَبْدٌ غَيْرَ شَاكٍّ فَحُجِبَ عَنِ الْجَنَّةِ.رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي كُرَيْبٍ [ (١٢) ] وَرُوِيَ عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مِنْ غَيْرِ شَكٍّ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ فِي غَزَاةٍ غَزَاهَا.وَرَوَاهُ عَاصِمُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَقَالَ: فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ.وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي غَزْوَةٍ.وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي حُبَيْشٍ الْغِفَارِيِّ، قَالَ: خَرَجْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي غَزْوَةِ تِهَامَةَ حَتَّى إِذَا كُنَّا بِعُسْفَانَ فَذَكَرَ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةَ، وَزَادَ: ثُمَّ أَذِنَ بالرحيل، فلما[ (١٠) ] (لعلّ الله أَنْ يَجْعَلَ فِي ذَلِكَ) فيه محذوف تقديره: يجعل في ذلك بركة أو خيرا، أو نحو ذلك، فحذف المفعول به لأنه فضلة. وأصل البركة كثرة الخير وثبوته.[ (١١) ] (بنطع) هو بساط متخذ من أديم. وكانت الأنطاع تبسط بين أيدي الملوك والأمراء حين أرادوا قتل أحد صبرا ليصان المجلس من الدم.[ (١٢) ] صحيح مسلم في كتاب الإيمان، بَابُ الدَّلِيلِ عَلَى أَنَّ من مات على التوحيد دخل الجنة قطعا، الحديث (٤٥) ، ص (١: ٥٦- ٥٧) .

Volume: 5 (Page:231)

English:

Translation

The companions set out and were rained upon as they wished, so they camped and watered from the rainwater. All the narrations agree regarding their supplication during the remnant provisions, and Allah, the Most High, answered their prayer by the appearance of blessings in it until their containers were filled, and they were favored abundantly. Abu al-Husayn ibn Bishran al-Adl informed us in Baghdad, saying: Abu Muhammad Dalaj ibn Ahmad ibn Dalaj narrated to us; he said: Ibn Khuzaymah narrated to us; he said: Yunus ibn Abdul-A'la narrated to us; he said: Ibn Wahb informed us; he said: Amr ibn al-Harith narrated to us from Sa'd ibn Abi Hilal, from Utbah ibn Abi Utbah, from Nafi' ibn Jubayr, from Abdullah ibn Abbas, that Umar ibn al-Khattab was asked about a remarkable event during the expedition to Tabuk, So Umar said: We set out for Tabuk in intense heat, and we camped in a place where we were afflicted by extreme thirst, to the extent that we thought our necks would be cut off. Men would go looking for others and not return until they thought their necks would be cut off. A man would slaughter his camel, extract its urine, drink it, and eat whatever remained on its liver. Abu Bakr al-Siddiq said: O Messenger of Allah! Surely, Allah has accustomed you to goodness in supplication, so pray to Allah for us. He asked: Do you all wish for that? They replied: Yes. So he raised his hands and did not lower them until the sky was overcast with clouds, and it rained until they were all fully satisfied. Then we looked, but did not find any of it beyond the camps.

Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz informed us, saying: Abu al-Abbas Muhammad ibn Ya'qub informed us; he said: Ahmad ibn Abd al-Jabbar narrated to us; he said: Yunus narrated to us, from Ibn Ishaq, from Asim ibn Umar ibn Qatadah, who reported: The people woke up without water, and they complained of this to the Messenger of Allah, so he supplicated and sent a cloud that rained until the people quenched their thirst and fulfilled their needs from the water.

References:
Zikr al-Haythami in Al-Zawaid (6:194-195) mentioned it and said: Narrated by Al-Bazzar, and Al-Tabarani in Al-Awsat, and the men of Al-Bazzar are trustworthy.
Recorded by Ibn Hisham in Al-Sirah (4:135), narrated by Ibn Kathir in Al-Tarikh (5:9).

Arabic:

ارْتَحَلُوا مُطِرُوا مَا شَاءُوا، فَنَزَلَ وَنَزَلُوا وَشَرِبُوا مِنْ مَاءِ السَّمَاءِ.وَالْأَحَادِيثُ كُلُّهَا مُتَّفِقَةٌ فِي دُعَائِهِ فِي بَقِيَّةِ الْأَزْوَادِ وَإِجَابَةِ اللهِ تَعَالَى دُعَاءَهُ بِظُهُورِ الْبَرَكَةِ فِيهَا حَتَّى ملؤوا أَوْعِيَتَهُمْ وَفَضَلَتْ فَضْلَةٌ.أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ الْعَدْلُ بِبَغْدَادَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ دَعْلَجُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ دَعْلَجٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي هِلَالٍ، عَنْ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عُتْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قِيلَ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ: حَدِّثْنَا مِنْ شَأْنِ سَاعَةِ الْعُسْرَةِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: خَرَجْنَا إِلَى تَبُوكَ فِي قَيْظٍ شَدِيدٍ فَنَزَلْنَا مَنْزِلًا أَصَابَنَا فِيهِ عَطَشٌ، حَتَّى ظَنَنَّا أَنَّ رِقَابَنَا سَتَنْقَطِعُ، حَتَّى إِنْ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ لَيَذْهَبُ يَلْتَمِسُ الرَّجُلَ فَلَا يَرْجِعُ حَتَّى يَظُنَّ أَنَّ رَقَبَتَهُ سَتَنْقَطِعُ، حَتَّى إِنْ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ لَيَنْحَرُ بَعِيرَهُ فَيَعْصِرُ فَرْثَهُ فَيَشْرَبُهُ، وَيَجْعَلُ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَى كَبِدِهِ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ! إن اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ قَدْ عَوَّدَكَ فِي الدُّعَاءِ خَيْرًا فَادْعُ اللهَ لَنَا، قَالَ: أَتُحِبُّ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ فَلَمْ يُرْجِعْهُمَا حَتَّى قَالَتِ السَّمَاءُ فَأَظَلَّتْ ثم سكبت فملأوا مَا مَعَهُمْ ثُمَّ ذَهَبْنَا نَنْظُرُ فَلَمْ نَجِدْهَا جَاوَزَتِ الْعَسْكَرَ [ (١٣) ] .أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، قَالَ:أَصْبَحَ النَّاسُ وَلَا مَاءَ مَعَهُمْ، فَشَكَوْا ذَلِكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَدَعَا اللهَ فَأَرْسَلَ سَحَابَةً فَأَمْطَرَتْ، حَتَّى ارْتَوَى النَّاسُ وَاحْتَمَلُوا حَاجَتَهُمْ من الماء [ (١٤) ] .[ (١٣) ] ذكره الهيثمي في الزوائد (٦: ١٩٤- ١٩٥) ، وقال: رواه البزار، والطبراني في الأوسط، ورجال البزار ثقات.[ (١٤) ] رواه ابن هشام في السيرة (٤: ١٣٥) ، ونقله ابن كثير في التاريخ (٥: ٩) .

Volume: 5 (Page:232)

English:

Story of the Hypocrite During a Journey with the Prophet (PBUH)

It was narrated by Asim who informed me that some men from his people reported that a known hypocrite used to walk with the Prophet (PBUH) wherever he went. When they ran out of water during the journey, the Prophet (PBUH) made supplication, and Allah sent clouds that rained until everyone was satisfied. The people then approached the hypocrite and asked if there was anything greater to come. He replied, "Just a passing cloud."

The Story of Ummarah and Zaid

As the Prophet (PBUH) continued his journey, one of his camels went astray. Ummarah bin Hazm, an Ansari, and Zaid were among those who went to retrieve it. At that moment, the hypocrite Zaid remarked, "Muhammad claims to be a Prophet and tells you of the news from the heavens, yet he does not even know where his camel is." The Prophet (PBUH) and Ummarah were present, and Ummarah responded, saying that it was Allah who taught him what he knew, and Allah had shown him where the camel was. They found the camel trapped by a tree and brought it back.

The Incident with Zaid

After returning, Ummarah told his companions what had transpired, leading one of them to point out that Zaid had made similar remarks before the incident. Ummarah then confronted Zaid, threatening to harm him, until others intervened. Some believed Zaid had repented, while others said he remained a rebel until his death.

This story, similar to the one narrated by Ibn Mas'ud, is also mentioned in Ibn Hisham's biography (4:135-136).

Arabic:

قَالَ عَاصِمٌ وَأَخْبَرَنِي رِجَالٌ مِنْ قَوْمِي أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ كَانَ مَعْرُوفًا نِفَاقُهُ كَانَ يَسِيرُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَيْثُ سَارَ فَلَمَّا كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِ النَّاسِ بِالْحَجَرِ مَا كَانَ وَدُعَاءِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ دَعَا، فَأَرْسَلَ اللهُ السَّحَابَةَ فَأَمْطَرَتْ حَتَّى ارْتَوَى النَّاسُ، فَأَقْبَلْنَا عَلَيْهِ، فَقُلْنَا: وَيْحَكَ هَلْ بَعْدَ هَذَا مِنْ شَيْءٍ؟ قَالَ: سَحَابَةٌ مَارَّةٌ.ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسلم سَارَ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِبَعْضِ الطَّرِيقِ ضَلَّتْ نَاقَتُهُ فَخَرَجَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِهِ فِي طَلَبِهَا، وَعِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم عُمَارَةُ بْنُ حَزْمٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، وَكَانَ فِي رَحْلِهِ زَيْدٌ، وَكَانَ مُنَافِقًا فَقَالَ زَيْدٌ: لَيْسَ مُحَمَّدٌ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ وَيخْبِرُكُمْ خَبَرَ السَّمَاءِ وَهُوَ لَا يَدْرِي أَمْرَ نَاقَتِهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى الله عليه وسلم وَعُمَارَةُ بْنُ حَزْمٍ عِنْدَهُ: إِنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ: هَذَا مُحَمَّدٌ يخْبِرُكُمْ أَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ وَيخْبِرُكُمْ بِأَمْرِ السَّمَاءِ، وَهُوَ لَا يَدْرِي أَيْنَ نَاقَتُهُ، وَإِنِّي وَاللهِ مَا أَعْلَمُ إِلَّا مَا عَلَّمَنِيَ اللهُ، وَقَدْ دَلَّنِي اللهُ عَلَيْهَا، هِيَ فِي الْوَادِي قَدْ حَبَسَتْهَا الشَّجَرَةُ بِزِمَامِهَا فَانْطَلَقُوا فَجَاءُوا بِهَا، فَرَجَعَ عُمَارَةُ إِلَى رَحْلِهِ، فَحَدَّثَهُمْ عَمَّا جَاءَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى الله عليه وسلم مِنْ خَبَرِ الرَّجُلِ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِمَّنْ كَانَ فِي رَحْلِ عُمَارَةَ إِنَّمَا قَالَ زَيْدٌ وَاللهِ هَذِهِ الْمَقَالَةَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَأْتِيَ، فَأَقْبَلَ عُمَارَةُ عَلَى زَيْدٍ يَجَأُ فِي عُنُقِهِ، وَيَقُولُ: إِنَّ فِيَ رَحْلِي لَدَاهِيَةٌ، وَمَا أَدْرِي، اخْرُجْ عَنِّي يَا عَدُوَّ اللهِ فَلَا تَصْحَبْنِي، فَقَالَ: بَعْضُ النَّاسِ: إِنَّ زَيْدًا تَابَ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ: لَمْ يَزَلْ مُصِرًّا حَتَّى هَلَكَ [ (١٥) ] .وَرُوِّينَا فِي قِصَّةِ الرَّاحِلَةِ شَبِيهًا بِهَذِهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ مَوْصُولًا.[ (١٥) ] رواه ابن هشام في السيرة (٤: ١٣٥- ١٣٦) .

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