Book: Dalail an-Nubuwwah by Bayhaqi

Chapter of the Farewell Pilgrimage

Narrated: Abu Al-Husayn Muhammad Ibn Al-Husayn Al-Alawi - may Allah have mercy on him - narrated to us, Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Shu'ayb Al-Barmahrani narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Hafs ibn Abdullah narrated to us, my father narrated to us, Ibrahim ibn Tahman narrated from Ja'far ibn Muhammad, from his father, from Jabir ibn Abdullah Al-Ansari, that he said:

The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, stayed in Al-Madinah for nine years without performing Hajj. Then he announced to the people regarding Hajj. A large number of people gathered in Al-Madinah, so the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, set out towards Makkah on the 5th or 4th of Dhul Qa'dah. When he reached Dhul-Hulayfah, he performed Salah and mounted his ride. When the desert area took him, he raised his voice saying, "Labbaik, we intend Hajj only."

References:

• See “Hajjat Al-Wada”: Ibn Hisham (4:211)
• Tabaqat: Ibn Saad (2:172)
• Sahih Muslim with the explanation of An-Nawawi (8:170)
• History of At-Tabari (3:148)
• Oyun Al-Athar (2:345)
• Al-Bidayah Wal-Nihayah (5:109)
• Nihayat Al-Arab (17:371)

Transmission of Hadith

Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Abdan informed us, Ahmad ibn Ubayd al-Saffar narrated to us, Hisham ibn Ali narrated to us, Abdulah ibn Abdul Wahab al-Hajjabi narrated to us, Hatim ibn Ismail reported to us. Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz informed us, Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Yaqoub ibn Yusuf narrated to us, my father narrated to us, Amru ibn Zurarah narrated to us, Hatim ibn Ismail reported to us. Abu Abdullah informed us, he said: Abu Amru al-Muqri and Abu Bakr al-Warraqu reported to us, saying: Al-Hasan ibn Sufyan narrated to us, Hisham ibn Ammar and Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah reported to us, saying: Hatim ibn Ismail narrated to us. Ja'far ibn Muhammad reported from his father, saying: "We entered upon Jabir ibn Abdullah. When we reached him, he asked about the people until he came to me. I said: 'I am Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Hussein ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib.' He extended his hand to my head, untied my upper garment, then untied my lower garment. Then he placed his palm between my shoulders while I was a young boy. He said: 'Welcome, ask whatever you wish.' I asked him while he was blind. The time for prayer came, so he stood in a woven garment, using it as a cloak. Every time he placed it on his shoulders, he would return its edges from his smallness, and his garment lay on his side on the peg. Hence, he prayed with us. I said: 'Inform me about the pilgrimage of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.' He said with his hand, he seated himself, counted nine fingers, and said: 'The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stayed nine years without performing Hajj. Then he announced to the people on the tenth year that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was intending to perform Hajj. Many people came to Medina, all seeking to accompany the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and act as he did. He untied my upper garment…" (Translation note excerpts are provided in the footnotes.)

The Journey of Asma'a bint 'Umayas and Prophet Muhammad

Asma'a bint 'Umayas gave birth to Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr while on a journey with the Prophet Muhammad. She sent a message to the Prophet asking for advice on what to do. The Prophet instructed her to perform ghusl (ritual washing), make istikhara (seek guidance from God), and pray. The Prophet then prayed in the mosque and rode a she-camel until they reached an open desert. Jabir ibn 'Abd Allah described how he saw the Prophet ahead of them in the group, leading prayers, with the Quran being revealed upon him. The people embraced the message of monotheism brought by the Prophet without any rejection from him. The Prophet continued his journey, leading the people in their pilgrimage. Jabir recalled that they had intended only to perform the pilgrimage, as they had no prior knowledge of performing the lesser pilgrimage (Umrah) until they followed the Prophet to the Kaaba. The Prophet touched the Black Stone (Al-Hajar Al-Aswad) and walked around it as part of the ritual. He also performed prayers at the Station of Abraham and made it a place of prayer for the believers.

Translation of Classical Arabic Text

Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) used to recite in the two Rak'ahs: Say, "He is Allah, [who is] One," and Say, "O disbeliever." Then he returned to the Black Stone, touched it, and exited from the gate to Safa. When he approached Safa, he recited, "Indeed, Safa and Marwah are among the symbols of Allah." He began with what Allah Almighty began with, so he started with Safa and climbed it until he saw the Kaaba, proclaimed the greatness of Allah and said, "There is no god but Allah, alone, without any partner. To Him belongs the dominion, and to Him belongs all the praise. He gives life and causes death, and He is Powerful over all things. There is no god but Allah. He fulfills His promise, supports His servant, and defeats the confederations alone." Then he prayed likewise three times.

He descended to Marwah, and when his feet were on the bottom of the valley, he walked until he reached Marwah. He did the same on Marwah as he did on Safa. After completing the Tawaf between Safa and Marwah, he stated, "If I knew then what I know now, I would not have brought the sacrificial animal and would have made it an Umrah. So, whoever among you does not have a sacrificial animal should release themselves from Ihram and make it an Umrah." The people released themselves from Ihram and shortened their hair except the Prophet and those who had a sacrificial animal.

Suraqah bin Malik bin Ju'shum stood up and asked, "O Messenger of Allah, is this umrah on its own, or permanent?" The Prophet intertwined his fingers and said, "It is included in Hajj thus: twice, and not exclusively so; rather, it is forever." Ali ibn Abu Talib came with the Prophet's spear and found Fatimah dressed in dyed clothes and eyeliner. He expressed disapproval, but she said that it was done by the Prophet's order. Ali then narrated that he went to the Prophet seeking advice, and the Prophet affirmed his approach, instructing him not to reject it. The Prophet responded positively and advised him not to release from Ihram.

The Arrival in Mina and the Sermon at Arafat

The group of Hajj, that Ali brought from Yemen and the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, came with from Madinah, were a hundred. Then everyone settled in Mina, shortening their prayers except for the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and those with him who had sacrificial animals. On the day of Tarwiyah, they headed to Mina and prepared for Hajj. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, prayed Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, Isha, and Fajr prayers in Mina. He then stayed a little until the sun rose and ordered a tent made of hair to be set up for him. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, led the way, with the Quraysh standing at Al-Mash'ar Al-Haram as they used to do in pre-Islamic times. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, passed through and reached Arafat. He found the tent set up for him and stayed there until the sun veered from its zenith. He then ordered the camel to be saddled and set out towards the valley. He addressed the people, saying, "Verily, your blood and wealth are sacred to you as this day, in this month, and in this land. Surely, all practices from the days of ignorance are placed beneath my feet."

Sermon on Prohibitions and Responsibilities

The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, continued his sermon, stating the prohibition of the blood and usury practices of the pre-Islamic era. He emphasized that the first blood to be avenged was that of Ibn Rabi'ah ibn Al-Harith and the first interest to be abolished was that of Al-'Abbas ibn 'Abdul-Muttalib. He then urged the people to adhere to God-consciousness in matters concerning women, reminding them of their responsibilities towards their wives as ordained by Allah. He concluded his sermon by asking the people, "What do you say?" They replied, "We bear witness that you have conveyed the message, discharged the duties, and offered sincere advice." The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, raised his forefinger to the sky and then pointed it towards the people three times, seeking witness from Allah. Bilal then called the Adhan, and the Prophet prayed Dhuhr and Asr without any break in between. He then mounted and proceeded to the place of the standing, placing the Hijr on his right side as he approached Arafat.

Translation of Classical Arabic Text

Marching of His Camel towards the Rocks

He then directed his she-camel towards the rocks, and placed the camels' reins in front of him. He faced the qibla and remained standing until the sun set and the twilight faded slightly (26). The disc disappeared as Osama bin Zaid adjusted the camel's bridle, and the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) tightened the noseband of the camel until its head touched the saddle (27), and he said with his hand: "O people, be calm, be calm." Every time he reached a rope of the reins, he made it loose for her a little so that she could ascend, until he arrived at Muzdalifah where he combined the Maghrib and Isha prayers with one adhan and two iqamahs, without offering any additional prayers in between. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) lay down until dawn, and he prayed Fajr when the morning light became clear to him with an adhan and iqamah, and then he mounted his camel (28). He continued to stand until it became very bright, and before the sun rose, he directed the camel towards Al-Mash'ar Al-Haram, where he praised Allah, glorified Him, and magnified Him, and he remained standing until it became very yellow, then He proceeded before the sun rose. He adjusted the camel for Fadl bin Abbas, who was a handsome man with white hair and a beautiful appearance. When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) adjusted him, some stray camels passed by, causing Fadl to turn his gaze towards them. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) placed his hand on Fadl's face, turning his face away from the other direction. The Prophet then turned his hand towards Fadl's face, who also turned his gaze from the other direction, watching until he reached the narrow passage. He moved a little and took the middle path that leads to Al-Jamrat al-Kubra, where he arrived at the Jamrah near the mosque and threw seven pebbles saying "Allahu Akbar" with each pebble thrown from inside the valley. Then, he turned towards Al-Munhar (25), which refers to the rocks, signifying the rocks at the bottom of Mount Arafat.

Notes:

• (26): (ح) and (ك) refer to specific notations in Arabic, indicating the time.
• (27): "He tightened the noseband of the camel" signifies adjusting the camel's bridle.
• (28): "The place where a rider bends his leg" refers to the space where the rider folds his leg, in front of the saddle when mounted.
• (29): Refers to a specific incident as described in Sahih Muslim.
• (30) & (31): Additional notations added to the text for clarification.
• (32): "The narrow passage" referring to a specific location named as such due to historical events.
• (33): Describing the pebbles used for casting.

Translation of Classical Arabic Text

Summary: The Prophet (peace be upon him) slaughtered 63 camels with his own hand, then shared the meat with Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). After that, he commanded that a portion of each camel be cooked in pots, and both the meat and broth were consumed. The Prophet then proceeded to pray Dhuhr in Makkah, where he encountered the Banu Abd al-Muttalib drawing water from the well of Zamzam. He urged them to allow him to join in drinking, indicating his humility and companionship.

The Prophet's Acts

The Prophet (peace be upon him) slaughtered 63 camels, shared with Ali, and ate their meat and drank the broth. He then prayed Dhuhr in Makkah and shared water with the Banu Abd al-Muttalib from the well of Zamzam.

Referring to Hadiths

The hadith narrated by al-Hasan bin Sufyan and recorded by Muslim, mentioning Abu Bakr bin Abi Shaybah. The hadith does not include the phrase "giving life and causing death."

Narration Source

Abu Bakr Muhammad bin al-Hasan bin Furak narrated this hadith. Abdullah bin Jafar al-Asbahani reported it from Yunus bin Habib, who in turn narrated it from Abu Dawud, through Shu'bah and Hisham, from Qatadah, from Abu Hassan al-A'raj, from Ibn Abbas.

Action at Dhu al-Hulayfah

When the Prophet reached Dhu al-Hulayfah, he indicated the sacrificial animals, drew blood from its right side, and removed it.

Translation of Classical Arabic Text

Al-Dam, um...

...

Hadith Narrated by Ibn 'Umar

The Prophet (peace be upon him) performed Talbiyah while his camel was standing. This hadith is narrated by al-Bukhari and Muslim.

Hadith Narrated by Malik

Abdullah ibn 'Umar reported that the Prophet (peace be upon him) often added "Sadaik" and "Al-Khair Beyadeik" to his Talbiyah. This hadith is narrated by al-Bukhari...

Hadith on Stoning the Devil

The desire and the action are both directed towards You. This hadith is mentioned in Sahih Muslim from the narration of Malik. Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz informed us, who narrated from Abu al-Abbas Muhammad ibn Ya'qub, who narrated from Muhammad ibn Ishaq al-San'ani, who narrated from Abu Asim, who narrated from Ibn Jurayj, who said: I was informed by Abu Muhammad ibn Ziyad al-Adl, who narrated from Muhammad ibn Ishaq, who narrated from Ali ibn Hashram, who narrated from Isa ibn Yunus, who narrated from Ibn Jurayj, who said: Ata narrated to us that Ibn Abbas reported that the Prophet (peace be upon him) kept on reciting talbiyah till he stoned the Jamrat al-Aqabah.

This concise hadith is about the talbiyah. It is narrated by Imam al-Bukhari in Sahih al-Bukhari from Abu Asim. It is also narrated by Muslim from Ali ibn Hashram. Abu Tahir al-Faqih informed us, who narrated from Abu Tahir al-Muhammadabadi, who narrated from Abu Qilabah, who narrated from Abu Amir al-Aqdi, who narrated from Ayman ibn Nabil, who narrated from Qudamah ibn Abdullah, saying: I saw the Prophet (peace be upon him) stoning Jamrat al-Aqabah while riding a red she-camel without making it run or move quickly.

Hadith on the Rituals of Hajj

Narrated by Anas ibn Malik: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) stoned the Jamrat al-Aqabah on the Day of Sacrifice (Yawm al-Nahr) and then returned to his residence in Mina. He called for a sacrificial animal, which was slaughtered. Then he called for a barber who shaved the left side of his head. The Prophet said: "Here is Abu Talhah," and gave the hair to him. This narration is found in Sahih Muslim.

Ritual of Shaving the Head

It is reported that the Prophet (peace be upon him) shaved his head after the stoning of the Jamrat as an act of worship. He then divided the hair among his companions along with fingernails trimmed with a thin piece of metal enameled with henna and katam.

Significance of the Months

The Prophet (peace be upon him) mentioned that time has circled back to its original state as it was when Allah created the heavens and the earth. He described the calendar year of twelve months, with four sacred months - Dhu al-Qa'dah, Dhu al-Hijjah, Muharram, and Rajab. The month of Muharram is singled out as the month of sacrifice between Jumada and Sha'ban. The narration emphasizes the importance of recognizing the sacred months and the specific landmarks during the Hajj pilgrimage.

Hadith on the Sanctity of Life, Property, and Honor

We were asked, "Yes," he said, "So which day is this?" We said, "Allah and His Messenger know best." He said, "Indeed, your blood, your property, and your honor are sacred to you, just as this day of yours, in this month of yours, in this city of yours. You will meet your Lord and He will ask you about your deeds. So, do not go astray after me, striking one another's necks, reporting to the absent witness until the one being informed might be more mindful than the informer. O Allah, have I delivered the message?"

Narrated by Al-Bukhari in Sahih from Muhammad ibn Al-Muthanna from Abdul-Wahhab Al-Thaqafi, and narrated by Muslim from Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah.

Additional Narration

Abu Al-Fath informed us: Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Abi Al-Fawaris, the memorizer in Baghdad, informed us. Ahmed ibn Yusuf narrated to us, Harith ibn Muhammad narrated to us, Abu Ali As-Sawwaf narrated to us, and Mohammed ibn Yahya Al-Marwazi narrated to us. He said: Asim ibn Ali narrated to us, Asim ibn Muhammad narrated to us from Waqid ibn Muhammad, who said: I heard my father saying, Abdullah ibn Umar said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said during his Farewell Pilgrimage: "Do you not know which month is the most sacred?" They said: "This month of ours." He said: "In which city is the most sacred?" They said: "This city of ours." He said: "Do you know which day is the most sacred?" They said: "This day of ours." He said: "Indeed, Allah has made your blood, your property, and your honor sacred, just as the sanctity of this day of yours, in this city of yours. Beware, have I conveyed the message?" They all said: "Yes."

(Reported by Al-Bukhari in Book 64, Kitab Al-Maghazi, Chapter 77, Hajjat Al-Wada, and by Muslim in Book 28, Kitab Al-Qasama, Chapter 9, Emphasizing the Sanctity of Blood, Property, and Honor, Hadith 29, Page 1305.)

Hadith on Stoning the Jamrat

Reported by Imam al-Bukhari: Asim ibn Ali narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) stoned the Jamrat al-Aqabah on the first day of Eid al-Adha in the forenoon. Thereafter, the stoning took place at noon.

Reported by Imam Muslim: Abu Bakr ibn Dasa narrated from Abu Dawud, who narrated from Ali ibn Bahir and Abdullah ibn Sa'id al-Ma'ni that the Prophet (peace be upon him) spent his last day at Mina after Dhuhr prayer. He stayed there during the days of Tashriq, stoning the Jamarat after the sun had set, with seven pebbles each, making the takbir with every pebble. He would pause after the first and second stonings, prolonging his standing and supplication, then stone the third without pausing.

Further references:
- al-Hilal ibn Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Hafar, narrated from Hussain ibn Yahya ibn Ayyash, from Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn as-Sabbah, from Ubaydah ibn al-Bukhari, from Muhammad ibn Abdullah, from Asim ibn Ali.
- Mentioned in al-Bukhari's Book of Legal Punishments, Chapter: The Prophet's Manner in Stoning the Jamarat (6785).
- Mentioned in Muslim's Book of Pilgrimage, Chapter: The Recommended Time for Stoning, Hadith (314).
- Abu Dawud cited this in his Book of Pilgrimage, Chapter on Stoning the Pillars (201).